EMERGING IP MARKETS: THE TOKYO GRAIN EXCHANGE NON-GMO SOYBEAN CONTRACT

This research provides an overview of the development of the Tokyo Grain Exchange non-GMO soybean contract as an identity preserved futures contract. The development of this contract is unique, relative to the development of other new futures contracts, in that a mature conventional soybean futures contract exists. Particular attention is given to necessary conditions for development of a new futures contract. In evaluating these conditions it was determined that since inception of the Tokyo Grain Exchange non-GMO soybean futures contract, the contract functions like a mature futures contract. This is unique in comparison to results of other studies evaluating the development of futures contracts. Furthermore, the lack of a well defined and liquid cash non-GMO soybean market does not appear to hamper the development of the non-GMO futures contract.Marketing,

AN INITIAL LOOK AT THE TOKYO GRAIN EXCHANGE NON-GMO SOYBEAN CONTRACT

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as soybeans and corn have garnered considerable consumer attention due to the concern over potential effects from using these commodities as inputs into food production. In the simplest form, segregation of bioengineered and non-bioengineered crops is an identity-preserved system. For these identity-preserved systems to exist, there must be a market discovery mechanism in place whereby supply and demand factors interact to establish a market price. In May 2000, the Tokyo Grain Exchange began a nongenetically modified organism (non-GMO) soybean contract. This article describes information garnered from the first public-offered identity-preserved marketplace.biotechnology, genetically modified organisms, identity-preserved markets, non-GMO, soybean contract, Tokyo Grain Exchange, Marketing,

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR WHOLESALE PORK PRIMALS: SEASONALITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE

A set of inverse wholesale pork primal demand models are estimated to determine the own-quantity flexibility, to ascertain seasonal price fluctuations, and to examine whether the flexibilities change in absolute magnitude over time. Results indicate that the own-quantity flexibility varied within the year. Also, it is determined that the own-quantity flexibility increased in magnitude (absolute value) over time for some of the primal cuts evaluated. However, for Hams the price flexibility became positive after early 1998. An increase in cold storage stocks of Hams may have led to the positive own-quantity flexibility and cold storage stocks may have been used to offset the potential Ham price decline of 1998.Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR WHOLESALE PORK PRIMALS: SEASONALITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE

A set of inverse wholesale pork primal demand models were estimated to estimate wholesale pork primal own-quantity flexibility's, to determine seasonal price fluctuations, and to examine whether the flexibility's have changed in absolute magnitude over time. Results of this analysis indicate that there is the own-quantity flexibility for some primals differences by season with in the year. Additionally, it was determined that the own-quantity flexibility increased in magnitude (absolute value) over time for some of the primal cuts evaluated here. However, for Hams and Boston Butt the own-flexibility was either unchanged or increased over the period analyzed. Increased cold storage stocks for these primals may have been used to offset the price decline of 1998.Wholesale Pork Primals, Structural Change, Seasonality, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

An Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Wholesale Pork Primals: Seasonality and Structural Change

This study focuses on estimating wholesale pork primal demand relationships in order to determine their own-quantity flexibilities, whether these flexibilities have changed over time, and seasonal price fluctuations. A set of equations for pork loin, rib, butt, ham, pork belly, and picnic primals was estimated. Monthly data over an 11-year period were used to determine that own-quantity flexibilities varied across months, that they increased in absolute value over time for some primal cuts, and cold-storage stocks were used as an inventory control measure to reduce price variation for some primal cuts.seasonality, structural change, wholesale pork primals, Demand and Price Analysis,

EMERGING IP MARKETS: THE TOKYO GRAIN EXCHANGE NON-GMO SOYBEAN CONTRACT

This research provides an overview of the development of the Tokyo Grain Exchange non-GMO soybean contract as an identity preserved futures contract. The development of this contract is unique, relative to the development of other new futures contracts, in that a mature conventional soybean futures contract exists. Particular attention was given to established necessary conditions for the development of a new futures contract. In evaluating these conditions it was determined that since inception of the Tokyo Grain Exchange non-GMO soybean futures contract the contract has functioned like a mature futures contract. This is unique in comparison to results of other studies evaluating the development of futures contracts. Furthermore, the lack of a well defined and liquid cash non-GMO soybean market does not appear to have hampered the development of the non-GMO futures contract.Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,

Value Added to the Beef Cattle Chain through Genetic Management

Genetics have a direct impact on the carcass quality of an animal. The objective of the study is to determine whether managing genetics has an impact on quality of beef carcasses. Genetic management was found to have a positive impact on quality grade and no impact on yield grade.Livestock Production/Industries,

FACTORS AFFECTING WHEAT PROTEIN PREMIUMS

This study used Rosen's methodology of deriving a marginal implicit price series from traditional hedonic modeling and then using this series to estimate a demand model. This procedure was applied to Kansas Hard Red Winter wheat protein. Results were mixed. Own-district protein level was not economically significant; however, an increase in other Kansas district's protein level and the North Dakota Hard Red Spring protein level may have a slight economic impact on own-district protein premium. The results of this study indicate that new varieties of wheat developed that increase protein content without loss of yield and that are regional specific can impact the price or wheat in other areas.Wheat, Characteristic Demand Model, Protein, Crop Production/Industries, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

THE RESPONSE OF CORN FUTURES MARKETS TO AGRO-BIOTECHNOLOGY NEWS

Consumer perceptions of the potential negative side effects to the body and to the environment as well as consumer opinion regarding ethical issues of developing transgenic products has caused melee at times in the food marketing chain. This has prompted some firms, e.g., Frito Lay and Gerber, to publicly announce that grains and oilseeds produced using transgenic seed will not be used as an ingredient in the production of food. This research found little to support the notion that agro-biotechnology news and/ or recall/non-use announcements affected the CBOT corn futures market. As hypothesized, this result suggests that the market for non-transgenic corn is small relative to aggregate corn supply and demand, which the CBOT corn futures market represents.Marketing, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

FACTORS AFFECTING WHOLESALE POULTRY PRICES

Changes in consumer demand for poultry meats can be characterized as evolving over time and following seasonal patterns. The focus of this study is on understanding factors affecting wholesale poultry prices. This information is needed so that poultry processors and poultry producers may better understand how consumer purchasing patterns affect price changes. Results suggest that seasonal differences between the price of cuts exist. Furthermore, own-cut and cross-cut flexibilities were unique to individual cuts.turkey primals, chicken primals, inverse demand model, Demand and Price Analysis,