Perioperative events influence cancer recurrence risk after surgery.

Surgery is a mainstay treatment for patients with solid tumours. However, despite surgical resection with a curative intent and numerous advances in the effectiveness of (neo)adjuvant therapies, metastatic disease remains common and carries a high risk of mortality. The biological perturbations that accompany the surgical stress response and the pharmacological effects of anaesthetic drugs, paradoxically, might also promote disease recurrence or the progression of metastatic disease. When cancer cells persist after surgery, either locally or at undiagnosed distant sites, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways activated in response to surgery and/or anaesthesia might promote their survival and proliferation. A consequence of this effect is that minimal residual disease might then escape equilibrium and progress to metastatic disease. Herein, we discuss the most promising proposals for the refinement of perioperative care that might address these challenges. We outline the rationale and early evidence for the adaptation of anaesthetic techniques and the strategic use of anti-adrenergic, anti-inflammatory, and/or antithrombotic therapies. Many of these strategies are currently under evaluation in large-cohort trials and hold promise as affordable, readily available interventions that will improve the postoperative recurrence-free survival of patients with cancer

Compulsive YouTube usage: A comparison of use motivation and personality effects

This paper explores compulsive use of YouTube by university students and investigates how the uses and gratifications perspective and the personality perspective work together to explain compulsive use of the social medium. It compares the effects of motivation to use YouTube for information with motivation to use the platform for entertainment, and examines how the different motivational effects compare with those of personality. It also explores the influence of compulsive use of YouTube on academic motivation. Data from 807 students at a Malaysian university were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression. Stronger motivation to use YouTube for information and learning is associated with lower compulsive use, while stronger motivation to use YouTube for entertainment is associated with higher compulsive use. Entertainment motivation has a stronger effect than information motivation. Although tendency to compulsive use differs with personality traits, the motivation effects are independent of personality. Compulsive YouTube use negatively influences academic motivation. While educators can take risks of compulsive use into account when they propose YouTube resources to their students, information literacy education and training can play an additional role in risk reduction by alerting social media users to the risks of compulsive use and helping them to develop self-management strategies

Problematic and extensive YouTube use: First hand reports

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present brief YouTube life stories to learn about how extensive users experience YouTube use and manage (or fail to manage) their use. It also explores the consequences of different types of extensive use. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a biographical approach was used. Nine students who used YouTube for two or more hours every day were guided to tell life stories of their introduction to YouTube, subsequent use and critical events associated with YouTube use. Thematic analysis distinguished between non-problematic, compulsive and addicted users. Three single case life stories illustrate the experiences of users in each category. Findings These extensive YouTube users tell similar stories of informal learning from early interaction with the platform. For some, extensive YouTube use became problematic; for others, it remained functional. Similar to other social platforms, users unable to regulate use became compulsive users and some users can become addicted. While the symptoms of YouTube addiction are similar to other online addictions, compulsive YouTube use is driven more by algorithm-generated content chaining than overt social interaction. Originality/value The paper introduces life stories as a way to present case studies of social media use. The distinction between extensive, but functional, and problematic YouTube use illustrates how extensive social media use is not necessarily dysfunctional. User education for self-regulation of YouTube use is recommended

Facilitated arts engagement with women veterans for health and well-being

To demonstrate the health and well-being benefits of facilitated arts engagement with women veterans, we draw on a key practice-based example from the Australian National Veterans Arts Museum (ANVAM), an organization with expertise in collaborative art-making with veterans. We outline ANVAM’s framework and the processes art therapists use to create facilitated art exhibitions. We discuss how veterans’ involvement with art-making has therapeutic benefits, can contribute new knowledge on health and well-being, and convey nuances of gender-specific experiences. We briefly outline the trend in evidence from academic literature on arts-health research with veterans and the sparse creative research with women veterans to highlight the potential of art-based methods in veteran health and well-being research, given growing numbers and the expanding roles of women in defence. Arts-health research using diverse methods has yielded promising results in this field. As such, interdisciplinary, co-designed, and strength-based art-based research with women veterans can add to knowledge co-creation on this topic

The effect of residents’ personality, emotional solidarity, and community commitment on support for tourism development

Residents' personality and their perspectives about community and those visiting can play an important role in forming overall support for tourism development. This study examined how residents' personality, emotional solidarity, and community commitment impact perceptions of tourism, which ultimately explain support for tourism development. To test the theoretical framework, survey data were collected from 340 residents living in two Malaysian tourism destinations. Structural equation modelling was utilized to assess the proposed model. Results revealed that sympathetic understanding and welcoming nature were the strongest factors influencing residents' attitudes towards tourism development while the effect was different among males and females with differing personality traits. Further analysis showed that the effect of welcoming nature and emotional closeness on residents’ attitude towards tourism development was different among residents with personalities of high agreeableness and extraversion, while openness to experience, conscientiousness, and neuroticism did not have a significant effect on these relationships

Mechanically manipulating the DNA threading intercalation rate

The dumbbell shaped binuclear ruthenium complex ΔΔ-P requires transiently melted DNA in order to thread through the DNA bases and intercalate DNA. Because such fluctuations are rare at room temperature, the binding rates are extremely low in bulk experiments. Here, single DNA molecule stretching is used to lower the barrier to DNA melting, resulting in direct mechanical manipulation of the barrier to DNA binding by the ligand. The rate of DNA threading depends exponentially on force, consistent with theoretical predictions. From the observed force dependence of the binding rate, we demonstrate that only one base pair must be transiently melted for DNA threading to occur. Copyright \ua9 2008 American Chemical Society