Clinical Study of Occurrence of Postoperative Sepsis after Emergency Abdominal Surgeries

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative sepsis is one of the most frustrating and difficult problem experienced by the surgeons in the post-operative period. It remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgeries. It increases the cost of treatment and is associated with distruption of normal life and unanticipated stress to patients. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the occurrence of post-operative sepsis which includes SSI and major septicaemia following emergency abdominal surgeries: 1. To study the various preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative factors influencing post-operative sepsis. 2. To study the microbiology of infection. 3. To study the mortality of post-operative sepsis. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted in TVMCH in the department of general surgery after getting approval from the ethical committee. After getting prior informed consent for the surgery and study subjects were enrolled for the study. The details regarding the patient investigations, diagnosis, surgical procedure, intraoperative findings, prophylactic antibiotics, postoperative period and follow up were recorded. Around 180 patients were undergone emergency abdominal surgeries during the period between October 2017 to august 2019.among them 126 were males and 54 were females. RESULTS: The incidence as per this study is around 16.6%as compared to 22.7% in previous studies. CONCLUSION: With the present study it is concluded that the cause of postoperative sepsis is multifactorial, which depends on various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors

Evaluating the taxonomic status of Solanum nigrum L. using flow cytometry and DNA barcoding technique

Solanum nigrum L. is a widely distributed species whose taxonomic status remains controversial. The ploidy determination of all the accessions were done based on stomatal, pollen and some morphological characters but morphometry could not provide solution to distinguish these species. In this study, ploidy status of all the accessions were done using flow cytometry and DNA barcoding technique was also applied to identify and distinguish 13 distinct germplasm collections. DNA of all 13 accessions was isolated and sequenced. The sequence was aligned using DNASTAR offline Software. The DNA sequence was subjected to BLAST for identifying at species level. The intra specific variation between the species was calculated using MEGA 5.0. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that among the 13 accessions, six were identified as S. americanum Mill, three were identified as S. nigrum Linn. and four were identified as S. villosum Mill. &nbsp

Occurrence of Uranium in Groundwater from Cuddalore District Tamil Nadu Aided by Geospatial and Statistical Techniques

An attempt has been made to examine uranium distribution in groundwater from Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Groundwater occurs under porous sedimentary, fractured, and weathered hard rock formations ranging in age from recent sediments to the oldest Archean formations. A total of 186 groundwater samples were collected during Pre- Monsoon (May) and Post-monsoon (January) and analyzed for major cations, anions, and uranium using standard procedures. Major anions and cations follow the order Cl- >H4SiO4>HCO3- >NO3- > Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+>K+>SO42- > F-> PO43- irrespective of seasons. Uranium in groundwater ranges from 0.1 micro gram per liter (µg/l ) to 24.67 µg/l with average 1.82 µg/l. The spatial representation maps isolated areas of higher and lower uranium and statistical analysis inferred uranium sources to the groundwater environment

Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Mutants of Coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.) for Yield and forskolin Content in V2M1 Generation

The present investigation was carried out during 2003-2007 involving terminal cuttings of coleus ecotype 'Garmai'. Genotypic correlation coefficient between yield and its components in mutants of coleus was studied, viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, number of tubers plant-1, tuber length and tuber girth were found to have positive and highly significant correlation with yield. However, forskolin and essential oil content showed negative correlation with yield. Path analysis of component characters on yield of Coleus in V2M1 generation exerted positive direct effect through the characters plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and number of tubers plant-1. Similarly, direct effect was observed to be negative through number of branches plant-1 (-0.930), total amount of alkaloids (-0.066) and forskolin content (-0.026). The current investigation resulted in residual effect of 0.158 indicating the accuracy and appropriate selection of component character for crop improvement programme. Weightage must be given to component characters exhibiting positive attributes towards fresh tuber yield in Coleus. However, some traits with negative attributes are also chosen for getting improved quality, i.e., forskolin content, without much inhibition on fresh tuber yield plant-1

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Not AvailableGenetic variability and correlation analysis of vegetative, floral, nut and yield characters were studied with 11 tall and 3 dwarfs which include 6 indigenous and 8 exotic coconut genotypes from diverse geographic origin. Analysis revealed a high degree of variability for most of the character studied. The variability studies among fourteen genotypes for different traits revealed that number of nuts per palm, dehusked nut weight, whole nut weight, plant height, stem girth, petiole length, shell thickness, number of female flowers and number of nuts per bunch recorded high values for phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation. Heritability estimates for all the characters studied were grouped as high. Genetic advance expressed on per cent mean was high for whole nut weight, dehusked nut weight, petiole length, number of nuts per bunch, number of female flowers per palm, number of nuts per palm. Correlation studies with nut yield per palm showed a positive and significant association with number of female flowers /palm/year, number of nuts/bunch, whole nut weight, husk thickness, kernel thickness, shell thickness, husk weight, copra content. Oil content exhibited positive and significant association with kernel weight and copra weight. This genetic analysis indicates the use of these characters in selection for coconut improvement. Thus, these characters are to be given importance for nut yield improvement in coconut.Not Availabl

Evaluation of aggregatum onion (Allium cepa L.var. aggregatum Don.) genotypes for yield and quality traits

Field experiment was conducted with twenty local genotypes of aggregatum onion (Alliumcepa L.var.aggregatum Don.) collected from Tamil Nadu during 2017-2018 at the experimental field of Department of Vegetable Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam to identify the superior aggregatum onion genotypes for high yield and quality. Among the 20 genotypes evaluated, significant variations were observed for the traits viz., Plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), number of leaves per plant, bulb length (cm), bulb diameter (cm), bulb colour, number of bulbs per clump, fresh weight of bulb (g), dry weight of bulb (g), total soluble solids (obrix), pyruvic acid ( µmol g-1). On the basis of high per se performance the genotype Puttarasal (Aca2) recorded the highest plant height, leaf length, bulb diameter, number of bulbs per clump, dry weight of bulb, total soluble solids, and pyruvic acid content. This genotype could be further carried out for producing high yield and best quality onion variety through further breeding programmes

Genetic Diversity in Certain Genotypes of Chilli and Paprika as Revealed by RAPD and SSR Analysis

Abstract: Genetic relationships between thirteen genotypes of chilli and paprika collected from different places of India were analyzed using twelve RAPD and nine SSR primers. Clustering based on the generated markers was conducted using NTSYS software's. The RAPD primers produced a total of 78 bands of which 65 were polymorphic with a mean of 5.41 polymorphic bands per primer while the SSR primers produced 28 SSR loci with a mean of 3.22 alleles per SSR locus. The similarity index matrix ranged from 0.36 to 0.91 (RAPD) and 0.117 to 0.9 (SSR) with mean of 0.62 and 0.39 respectively. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values of the SSR primers ranged from 0.00 to 0.75 with an average value of 0.546. The resulting RAPD and SSR dendrograms separated the cultivars with small and erect fruit position from the large and medium fruited cultivars with declining fruit position. Both RAPD and SSR markers showed genetic variability in the studied pepper genotypes and they are powerful tools for estimating genetic similarities and diversity

Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam-9, Kerala, India

A survey conducted in the major cocoa growing tracts of Tamil Nadu could identify 27 plus trees. These trees were observed for a period of two years to study the variability in yield and quality traits and to generate knowledge on the correlation between the ten different traits. Principal component analysis was used to identify the distinguishing traits and grouping them in clusters. The selected plus trees showed large variability in yield and biochemical traits. The number of pods per tree per year ranged from 57.6 to 93.9 with an average pod yield of 73.6. The average dry bean weight was 1.06 g which is a desirable trait in selection of the individuals having high processing efficiency in factory. The dry bean yield per tree per year was 2590 to 3665 g and the average yield was 3131 g. GRest analysis scored the plus trees based on the weightage of the desirable traits of individual trees. The first four PC axes explained 81.3 per cent of the total variation among the 27 plus trees of cocoa and all the traits studied were grouped in five basic clusters. The number of pods per tree (NP) was positively correlated with the pod value (PV) and dry bean weight per tree (DBYT)

A study on the behavior of the dissolved oxygen in the shallow coastal wells of Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu, India

Dissolved oxygen content in a water column serves as an indicator of pollution and it indirectly indicates the geochemical nature of the water. An attempt has been made in this study to understand the behavior of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in eleven open wells along the coast of Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu, South India. Observations were made in situ for DO and Electrical Conductivity (EC) depth wise for 24 hours during a full moon period of every two hours. The study indicates that a definite stratification exists in a certain location and mixing trends in some locations. It also shows that there are fluctuations of these values with time and it has a definite relation at specific location. The temporal and the spatial relationships between EC and DO were also used in an attempt to understand the coastal ecosystem in the natural environment