Escaping the \u3cem\u3eSporhase\u3c/em\u3e Maze: Protecting State Waters within the Commerce Clause

Eastern states, though they have enjoyed a history of relatively abundant water, increasingly face the need to conserve water, particularly to protect water-dependent ecosystems. At the same time, growing water demands, climate change, and an emerging water-oriented economy have intensified pressure for interstate water transfers. Thus, even traditionally wet states are seeking to protect or secure their water supplies. However, restrictions on water sales and exports risk running afoul of the Dormant Commerce Clause. This Article offers guidance for states, partciularly eastern states concerned with maintaining and improving water-dependent ecosystems, in seeking to restrict water exports while staying within the confines of the Dormant Commerce Clause

Matching of analytical and numerical solutions for neutron stars of arbitrary rotation

We demonstrate the results of an attempt to match the two-soliton analytical solution with the numerically produced solutions of the Einstein field equations, that describe the spacetime exterior of rotating neutron stars, for arbitrary rotation. The matching procedure is performed by equating the first four multipole moments of the analytical solution to the multipole moments of the numerical one. We then argue that in order to check the effectiveness of the matching of the analytical with the numerical solution we should compare the metric components, the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit ($R_{ISCO}$), the rotation frequency $\Omega\equiv\frac{d\phi}{dt}$ and the epicyclic frequencies $\Omega_{\rho},\;\Omega_z$. Finally we present some results of the comparison.Comment: Contribution at the 13th Conference on Recent Developments in Gravity (NEB XIII), corrected typo in $M_4$ of eq. 5 of the published versio

Two-photon width of the charmonium state X_(c2)

The two-photon width of X_(c2)^3P_2 state of charmonium has been measured using 14.4 fb^(-1) of e^+e^-data taken at √s =9.46–11.30 GeV with the CLEO III detector. The yy-fusion reaction studied is e^+e^- → e^+e^-yy, → yy X_(c2) → yJ/Ψ → ye^+e^-(µ^+µ^-). We measure Г_(yy) (X_(c2))B(X_(c2)) → y J/Ψ)B(J/Ψ → e^+e^- + µ^+µ^-)= 13.2 ± 1.4(stat)± 1.1(syst) eV, and obtain Г yy(Xc2)= 559 ± 57(stat) ± 48(syst) ± 36(br) eV. This result is in excellent agreement with the result of -fusion measurement by Belle and is consistent with that of the pp → X_(c2) → yy measurement, when they are both reevaluated using the recent CLEO result for the radiative decay X_(c2) → J/Ψ

Quantum Sensor Miniaturization

The classical bound on image resolution defined by the Rayleigh limit can be beaten by exploiting the properties of quantum mechanical entanglement. If entangled photons are used as signal states, the best possible resolution is instead given by the Heisenberg limit, an improvement proportional to the number of entangled photons in the signal. In this paper we present a novel application of entanglement by showing that the resolution obtained by an imaging system utilizing separable photons can be achieved by an imaging system making use of entangled photons, but with the advantage of a smaller aperture, thus resulting in a smaller and lighter system. This can be especially valuable in satellite imaging where weight and size play a vital role.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Photonics Technology Letter

Observation of B_s Production at the Y(5S) Resonance

Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have observed the B_s meson in e^+e^- annihilation at the Υ(5S) resonance. We find 14 candidates consistent with B_s decays into final states with a J/ψ or a D_s^((*)-). The probability that we have observed a background fluctuation is less than 8×10^(-10). We have established that at the energy of the Υ(5S) resonance B_s production proceeds predominantly through the creation of B_s^*B̅ _s^* pairs. We find σ(e^+e^-→B^s^*B̅ ^*)=[0.11_(-0.03)^(+0.04)(stat)±0.02(syst)]  nb, and set the following limits: σ(e^+e^-→B_sB̅ _s)/σ(e^+e^-→B_s^*B̅ _s^*)<0.16 and [σ(e^+e^-→B_sB̅ _s^*)+σ(e^+e^-→B_s*B̅ _s)]/σ(e^+e^-→B_s*B̅ _s^*)<0.16 (90% C.L.). The mass of the B_s^* meson is measured to be M_(B_s^*=[5.414±0.001(stat)±0.003(syst)]  GeV/c^2

They had a dream. Now Trump will scrub the melting pot clean

On 20 January, Donald Trump will become the 45th President of the United States. His victory is a definitive break with the vision of America that has prevailed for the past century: a land open to migrants and capable of assimilating different cultures and ethnicities, says Takis S Pappas. The great melting-pot is about to be scrubbed clean, and the checks and balances on presidential power that Americans took for granted will come under strain

So-called ‘populist’ parties have many different grievances. Lumping them together won’t help defeat them

Populism is the buzzword of the moment. But, Takis Pappas explains, there are three kinds of parties aggregated under the populist label: anti-democrats, nativists and ‘pure’ populists. Lumping them together is both misleading and politically perilous because they do not spring from the same source or the same set of grievances. Instead of lamenting a generic, ill-defined populism, we need to tackle these parties in different ways

What makes nativists and populists distinct?

With the growth of insurgent political parties that challenge the status quo, scholars are presented with a dilemma about how to categorise them. Takis S Pappas argues that nativist and populist parties are two distinct categories, and offers a set of criteria for classification

An asset and liability management model incorporating uncertainty

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Asset and Liability Management (ALIvI) is a well-established method, which enables companies to match future liabilities with future cash flow streams of assets. The first stage is to develop a deterministic model with forecast cash flow streams. In reality this can lead to results that are often volatile to deviations of future cash flows from their predicted values. There are two main stages to this problem. Firstly, there is the issue of representing the future uncertainties. To this end we have developed a scenario generator that forecasts alternative realizations of future cash flows streams of different assets using alternative scenarios about a financial Index and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Considering this with the deterministic model leads to the creation of ALM models which incorporate uncertainty. Having represented the uncertainty, we use an optimisation model to generate the current decisions concerning acquisition and disposal of assets. This model is a two stage stochastic programming model that aims to achieve targeted cash flows for each future year. Risk is represented in the form of assigning shares to different risk groups. In this thesis we describe our models of randomness and how they are captured in the two-stage stochastic programming model. We compare our model to a mean-variance representation. Both models are simulated through time. Backtesting is used to investigate the quality of both approaches