LA TURCA , UNA GIGANTONA DE LA PROCESIÓN DEL CORPUS DE XÀTIVA. ESTUDIO HISTÓRICO-TÉCNICO Y METODOLOGÍA DE CONSERVACIÓN

[EN] The festive culture is full of popular representations which enrich the collective imagination, as powerful elements that reinforce the sense of belonging and identify the social groups. The giants and big-heads are the proof of this folkloric wealth, very symbolically linked to the tradition of immaterial connotation. In this final work of degree, is presented the iconographic and historical contextualisation of one of the carton-stone giants that paraded for years on the occasion of the feast of Corpus Christi in Xativa, in the province of Valencia. It also has a technical, material and physiognomic examination of the sculpture, popularly known as «La Turca». To sum up the conclusion is that it belongs to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As a festive element of processional uses it s presents important problems of structural and dimensional type, as well as the previous ones, especially located in the polychromy areas, with the purpose of recover its appearance with the superposition of varnishes and repaints. After determining the status of conservation and according to all the preliminary studies, starts the intervention in the order to guarantee the structural stability of the carton support and the strata of the polychromy, to recover it s original size, remove the historical chromatic additions and meet the needs of Conservation of the textile complements and other trappings that accompany the work.[ES] La cultura festiva está repleta de representaciones populares que enriquecen el imaginario colectivo, como poderosos elementos que refuerzan los mecanismos de pertenencia e identidad de los grupos sociales. Los gigantes y cabezudos son una prueba de esta riqueza folklórica, muy ligada simbólicamente a la tradición de connotación inmaterial. En el presente trabajo final de grado se realiza la contextualización iconográfica e histórica de uno de los gigantes de cartón-piedra que desfilaron durante años con motivo de la festividad del Corpus Christi en la localidad valenciana de Xàtiva. Asimismo, se lleva a cabo el examen técnico, material y fisonómico de la escultura, conocida popularmente como La turca , tras el cual ha podido concluirse que su datación se estima entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Como elemento festivo de uso procesional presentaba importantes problemas de tipo estructural y dimensional, así como intervenciones anteriores que, especialmente localizadas en las áreas de la policromía, intentaron actualizar reiteradamente su aspecto con la superposición de barnices y repintes. Después de determinar su estado de conservación y de acuerdo con todos los estudios preliminares se realiza su intervención para garantizar la estabilidad estructural del soporte de cartón y los estratos de policromía, recuperar su tamaño original, eliminar las adiciones cromáticas históricas y atender a las necesidades de conservación de los complementos textiles y otros atavíos que acompañan a la obra.The festive culture is full of popular representations which enrich the collective imagination, as powerful elements that reinforce the sense of belonging and identify the social groups. The giants and big-heads are the proof of this folkloric wealth, very symbolically linked to the tradition of immaterial connotation. In this final work of degree, is presented the iconographic and historical contextualisation of one of the carton-stone giants that paraded for years on the occasion of the feast of Corpus Christi in Xativa, in the province of Valencia. It also has a technical, material and physiognomic examination of the sculpture, popularly known as «La Turca». To sum up the conclusion is that it belongs to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As a festive element of processional uses it s presents important problems of structural and dimensional type, as well as the previous ones, especially located in the polychromy areas, with the purpose of recover its appearance with the superposition of varnishes and repaints. After determining the status of conservation and according to all the preliminary studies, starts the intervention in the order to guarantee the structural stability of the carton support and the strata of the polychromy, to recover it s original size, remove the historical chromatic additions and meet the needs of Conservation of the textile complements and other trappings that accompany the work.Papenkova, A. (2019). LA TURCA , UNA GIGANTONA DE LA PROCESIÓN DEL CORPUS DE XÀTIVA. ESTUDIO HISTÓRICO-TÉCNICO Y METODOLOGÍA DE CONSERVACIÓN. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/127607TFG

The Lick Observatory Supernova Search

We report here the current status of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) with the Katman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT). The progress on both the hardware and the software of the system is described, and we present a list of recent discoveries. LOSS is the world' most successful search engine for nearby supernovae.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Submitted to the proceedings of the 10th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland on Cosmic Explosion

Optical Spectroscopy of Type Ia Supernovae

We present 432 low-dispersion optical spectra of 32 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that also have well-calibrated light curves. The coverage ranges from 6 epochs to 36 epochs of spectroscopy. Most of the data were obtained with the 1.5m Tillinghast telescope at the F. L. Whipple Observatory with typical wavelength coverage of 3700-7400A and a resolution of ~7A. The earliest spectra are thirteen days before B-band maximum; two-thirds of the SNe were observed before maximum brightness. Coverage for some SNe continues almost to the nebular phase. The consistency of the method of observation and the technique of reduction makes this an ideal data set for studying the spectroscopic diversity of SNe Ia.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal, 109 pages (including data table), 44 figures, full resolution figures at http://www.noao.edu/noao/staff/matheson/Iaspec.ps.g

Peculiar Type II Supernovae from Blue Supergiants

The vast majority of Type II supernovae (SNe) are produced by red supergiants (RSGs), but SN 1987A revealed that blue supergiants (BSGs) can produce members of this class as well, albeit with some peculiar properties. This best studied event revolutionized our understanding of SNe, and linking it to the bulk of Type II events is essential. We present here optical photometry and spectroscopy gathered for SN 2000cb, which is clearly not a standard Type II SN and yet is not a SN 1987A analog. The light curve of SN 2000cb is reminiscent of that of SN 1987A in shape, with a slow rise to a late optical peak, but on substantially different time scales. Spectroscopically, SN 2000cb resembles a normal SN II but with ejecta velocities that far exceed those measured for SN 1987A or normal SNe II, above 18000 km/s for H-alpha at early times. The red colours, high velocities, late photometric peak, and our modeling of this object all point toward a scenario involving the high-energy explosion of a small-radius star, most likely a BSG, producing 0.1 solar masses of Ni-56. Adding a similar object to the sample, SN 2005ci, we derive a rate of about 2% of the core-collapse rate for this loosely defined class of BSG explosions.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS on March 14, 201

Improved Standardization of Type II-P Supernovae: Application to an Expanded Sample

In the epoch of precise and accurate cosmology, cross-confirmation using a variety of cosmographic methods is paramount to circumvent systematic uncertainties. Owing to progenitor histories and explosion physics differing from those of Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia), Type II-plateau supernovae (SNe II-P) are unlikely to be affected by evolution in the same way. Based on a new analysis of 17 SNe II-P, and on an improved methodology, we find that SNe II-P are good standardizable candles, almost comparable to SNe Ia. We derive a tight Hubble diagram with a dispersion of 10% in distance, using the simple correlation between luminosity and photospheric velocity introduced by Hamuy & Pinto 2002. We show that the descendent method of Nugent et al. 2006 can be further simplified and that the correction for dust extinction has low statistical impact. We find that our SN sample favors, on average, a very steep dust law with total to selective extinction R_V<2. Such an extinction law has been recently inferred for many SNe Ia. Our results indicate that a distance measurement can be obtained with a single spectrum of a SN II-P during the plateau phase combined with sparse photometric measurements.Comment: ApJ accepted version. Minor change

Berkeley Supernova Ia Program I: Observations, Data Reduction, and Spectroscopic Sample of 582 Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae

In this first paper in a series we present 1298 low-redshift (z\leq0.2) optical spectra of 582 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed from 1989 through 2008 as part of the Berkeley SN Ia Program (BSNIP). 584 spectra of 199 SNe Ia have well-calibrated light curves with measured distance moduli, and many of the spectra have been corrected for host-galaxy contamination. Most of the data were obtained using the Kast double spectrograph mounted on the Shane 3 m telescope at Lick Observatory and have a typical wavelength range of 3300-10,400 Ang., roughly twice as wide as spectra from most previously published datasets. We present our observing and reduction procedures, and we describe the resulting SN Database (SNDB), which will be an online, public, searchable database containing all of our fully reduced spectra and companion photometry. In addition, we discuss our spectral classification scheme (using the SuperNova IDentification code, SNID; Blondin & Tonry 2007), utilising our newly constructed set of SNID spectral templates. These templates allow us to accurately classify our entire dataset, and by doing so we are able to reclassify a handful of objects as bona fide SNe Ia and a few other objects as members of some of the peculiar SN Ia subtypes. In fact, our dataset includes spectra of nearly 90 spectroscopically peculiar SNe Ia. We also present spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts of some SNe Ia where these values were previously unknown. [Abridged]Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, revised version, re-submitted to MNRAS. Spectra will be released in January 2013. The SN Database homepage (http://hercules.berkeley.edu/database/index_public.html) contains the full tables, plots of all spectra, and our new SNID template

Photometry and Spectroscopy of GRB 030329 and Its Associated Supernova 2003dh: The First Two Months

We present extensive optical and infrared photometry of the afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 030329 and its associated supernova (SN) 2003dh over the first two months after detection (2003 March 30-May 29 UT). Optical spectroscopy from a variety of telescopes is shown and, when combined with the photometry, allows an unambiguous separation between the afterglow and supernova contributions. The optical afterglow of the GRB is initially a power-law continuum but shows significant color variations during the first week that are unrelated to the presence of a supernova. The early afterglow light curve also shows deviations from the typical power-law decay. A supernova spectrum is first detectable ~7 days after the burst and dominates the light after ~11 days. The spectral evolution and the light curve are shown to closely resemble those of SN 1998bw, a peculiar Type Ic SN associated with GRB 980425, and the time of the supernova explosion is close to the observed time of the GRB. It is now clear that at least some GRBs arise from core-collapse SNe.Comment: 57 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ, revised per referee's comments, includes full photometry table. Data available at ftp://cfa-ftp.harvard.edu/pub/kstanek/GRB030329 or through WWW at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/GRB

SN 2009E: a faint clone of SN 1987A

In this paper we investigate the properties of SN 2009E, which exploded in a relatively nearby spiral galaxy (NGC 4141) and that is probably the faintest 1987A-like supernova discovered so far. Spectroscopic observations which started about 2 months after the supernova explosion, highlight significant differences between SN 2009E and the prototypical SN 1987A. Modelling the data of SN 2009E allows us to constrain the explosion parameters and the properties of the progenitor star, and compare the inferred estimates with those available for the similar SNe 1987A and 1998A. The light curve of SN 2009E is less luminous than that of SN 1987A and the other members of this class, and the maximum light curve peak is reached at a slightly later epoch than in SN 1987A. Late-time photometric observations suggest that SN 2009E ejected about 0.04 solar masses of 56Ni, which is the smallest 56Ni mass in our sample of 1987A-like events. Modelling the observations with a radiation hydrodynamics code, we infer for SN 2009E a kinetic plus thermal energy of about 0.6 foe, an initial radius of ~7 x 10^12 cm and an ejected mass of ~19 solar masses. The photospheric spectra show a number of narrow (v~1800 km/s) metal lines, with unusually strong Ba II lines. The nebular spectrum displays narrow emission lines of H, Na I, [Ca II] and [O I], with the [O I] feature being relatively strong compared to the [Ca II] doublet. The overall spectroscopic evolution is reminiscent of that of the faint 56Ni-poor type II-plateau supernovae. This suggests that SN 2009E belongs to the low-luminosity, low 56Ni mass, low-energy tail in the distribution of the 1987A-like objects in the same manner as SN 1997D and similar events represent the faint tail in the distribution of physical properties for normal type II-plateau supernovae.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures (+7 in appendix); accepted for publication in A&A on 3 November 201

L'ART MURAL APLICAT AL ESPAI INTERIOR

[ES] El presente trabajo recoge un estudio sobre el proceso de diseño y realización de varios proyectos de pintura mural. El documento trata varios campos, desde el análisis de esta técnica pictórica rescatada de la tradición y su empleo como atributo decorativo hoy en día, hasta realización de varios encargos reales de pintura mural. Desde el punto de vista teórico se realiza una documentación de campo de los distintos elementos que conforman el presente trabajo: el arte mural, su trayectoria y aplicación, que posteriormente, sirvió de base conceptual para la realización de la parte práctica, que consistió en la ideación, planificación y generación de varios proyectos de pinturas murales en el entorno domestico. Como colofón de este proyecto, todas las investigaciones teóricas llevadas a cabo, quedan reflejadas en las obras murales que cumplen con los objetivos planteados, que permiten explicar la historia y evolución de arte mural y su aplicación para desarrollar la planificación y realización del proceso de trabajo práctico.[EN] The present work contains a study of the process of design and realization of several mural painting projects. This research project covers several fields, from the analysis of this pictorial technique, rescued from tradition and its use as a decorative attribute today, to the execution of various murals. From the theoretical point of view, this investigation analyzes the different elements that put together the present work, such as the mural art and its trajectory and application. This study creates the conceptual basis for the realization of the practical part, which consisted on the ideation, planning and generation of several mural paintings for home interiors. In conclusion of this project, all the theoretical investigations are reflected in the murals that fulfill the established objectives, which explain the history and the evolution of mural art and its application, to meet the needs of planning and developing the practical work process.Papenkova, A. (2022). EL ARTE MURAL APLICADO AL ESPACIO INTERIOR. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/184506TFG