Psychosocial Factors and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women Population based Epidemiological Study

Our aim was to study the effect of depression and social support on the risk of type 2 diabetes in female population aged 25-64 in Russia / Siberia. Under the screening surveys random representative samples of women aged 25-64 years were examined in 1994 and 2005. Depression assessment was performed using the MONICA- MOPSY test. Social support was measured using the Berkman-Sim test. From 1994 to 2018 in a cohort of women new-onset cases of diabetes mellitus were detected. The risk of T2DM in persons with depression was 1.844 (p<0.01). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the risk decreased by 6% but remained significantly significant (p <0.05). The impact of a low level of social relations showed a significant effect on the risk of diabetes mellitus, including the multivariate model adjusted for the social gradient (HR=1.833, p<0.05). The presence of psychosocial factors decreases the protective effect of education in diabetes incidence. The incidence of T2D was higher in the group of manual labor and in executives. Depression and low social support increase the risk of T2DM by 80%. The frequencies of T2DM are determined by the social gradient and are associated with the role conflict “family-work”

Sex Differences in Long-Term Trends of Psychosocial Factors and Gender Effect on Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Arterial Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke

Introduction: The study aimed to determine gender differences in the prevalence and dynamics of affective states over a long period, i.e., 23 years, and to establish their effect on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke among the population aged 25–64 in Russia / Siberia. Methods: Between 1994 and 2017, we conducted 4 screening surveys of representative samples (totalling 4,815 people) under the international programs MONICA and HAPIEE in Russia / Siberia. To determine the sex differences in cardiovascular risk from 1994 to 2010, we observed cohorts formed from the screened individuals without CVD and diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: High levels of affective states in the period from 1994 to 2003, especially in women, were replaced by a downward trend in 2013. At the same time, there was a reduction in the gender gap in terms of frequency of depression lower 1%, and men in the younger age groups reported higher levels of personal anxiety (49.3% vs 46.1% in adults aged 35-44y) and vital exhaustion (16.9% vs 15.6%) than women in 2017. We found that men with unfavourable levels of affective states have a 3–5 fold higher risk of hypertension and stroke, while women have a higher risk of myocardial infarction (p for all < 0.05). Hostility in men is associated with a negative risk of myocardial infarction and stroke (HR=0.3 and HR=0.29, respectively; p for all < 0.05). However, this was levelled out by unfavourable social characteristics. Conclusions: The downward trends in prevalence of psychosocial factors were unstable and associated with reduced gender gap for affective states. It had a significant impact on the gender magnitude of cardiovascular risk

Toward Lead-Oriented Synthesis: One-Pot Version of Castagnoli Condensation with Nonactivated Alicyclic Anhydrides

One-pot variation of Castagnoli condensation, that is, reaction of cyclic anhydrides, amines, and aldehydes, has been developed as a combinatorial approach to 1,2-disubstituted 5-oxopyrrolidine- and 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acids, as well as their benzo-analogues. Utility of the method to multigram preparation of building blocks and synthetic intermediates was also demonstrated. The final products are obtained in high yields and diastereoselectivity. The method fits well in the concept of lead-oriented synthesis; in particular, it can be used for the design of lead-like compound libraries, even if the strictest cut-offs are applied to the physicochemical properties of their members

Chemically Bound Resorbable Ceramics as an Antibiotic Delivery System in the Treatment of Purulent–Septic Inflammation of Bone Tissue

Local drug delivery systems are an effective approach in the treatment of purulent–septic inflammation of bone tissue. Chemically bonded multiphase ceramics based on calcium-deficient carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite combine resorbability, osteoconductivity, and the possibility of volumetric incorporation of antibiotics. Macroporosity is regulated by the concentration of polyethylene glycol granules introduced into the initial powder composition, followed by their extraction. The selected conditions for the consolidation of the ceramic matrix and the extraction of PEG granules retain the activity of vancomycin, which is confirmed by the results of microbiological studies. The concentration of vancomycin and the porosity affect the local concentration and release of the antibiotic. The incorporation method provides a prolonged release of the antibiotic for up to 31 days. In vivo experiments with bone implantation have shown that chemically bound macroporous ceramics with incorporated vancomycin are a therapeutically effective carrier of the substance during the healing of bone defects in conditions of surrounding purulent–septic inflammation, and can be considered as a carrier for local antibacterial therapy, at the site of implantation

The effects of starter culture on the biogenic amine accumulation in traditional Portuguese dry-sausages

Linguiça is a highly popular and appreciated traditional Portuguese dry fermented sausage. Its production involves a ripening step, which provides favorable conditions for biogenic amines formation due to microbial growth, acidification and proteolysis. The levels of biogenic amines in dry-fermented sausages are highly dependent on the type of product, producer and could even vary from batch to batch. The microbiological quality of raw materials, technological process and growth/type of microbial flora are some factors that may explain this variability. To the authors’ best knowledge, only few studies focused on the quantification of biogenic amines in Portuguese traditional sausages, reporting variable levels of accumulation, being the tyramine the most abundant followed by putrescine and cadaverine. Starter cultures have been used aiming to prevent or reduce the formation of biogenic amines during the manufacture of dry-fermented sausages. Based on the results reported in the literature, the use of starter cultures may reduce or not the biogenic amines accumulation during the fermentation of sausages. In this work, it was evaluated the influence of one commercial starter culture (Texel®ELCE Br, Danisco) on biogenic amine accumulation during manufacture process and storage. Parameters such as pH value, water activity and microbial counts were also assessed. In general the results pointed out that the starter culture inhibited the accumulation of biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine) as well as the growth of S. aureus and Enterobacterias. This inhibitory effect was clear during ripening and storage periods. On the other hand the starter culture did not have a significant effect on spermidine and spermine concentrations.We acknowledge to POCI-01–0145-FEDER-006984–LSRE-LCM, Project UID/QUI/00616/2013–CQ-VR, UID/AGR/00690/2013–CIMO and UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) all funded by FEDER-COMPETE2020 and by FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio