Micro-jet cooling of cutting tools

A cutting tool includes an insert defining a flank face, a rake face, and a cutting edge between the flank face and rake face. The cutting tool includes micro-nozzles formed in at least one of the tool body and the insert, and aimed at the cutting edge. Each micro-nozzle generates a micro jet of cutting fluid in close proximity to the cutting edge and adjacent to at least one of the flank face and the rake face.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1010/thumbnail.jp

Chemopreventive Potential of Flavones, Flavonols, and their Glycosides.

Collaboration between Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation and the Institute for Allied Heath Sciences Research.Epidemiological studies have long indicated a possible role for dietary flavonoids, notably flavones and flavonols, in the prevention of a range of degenerative diseases, e.g. cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. The flavonoids are a large and variable group of compounds, comprising thousands of different structures. The bulk of the dietary flavonoids occur as glycosides. The effect of flavonoid aglycones and their corresponding glycosides on cell metabolism and aetiology of degenerative diseases has been a topic of interest for a number of decades. In contrast, the role of the metabolic products of dietary flavonoid that reach all parts of the human body through systemic circulation, has received much less attention. Studies on animal and human metabolism have shown that the amount flavone and flavonol glycosides is absorbed intact is negligible; the bulk is absorbed only after deglycosylation. Thus, dietary glycosides are not likely to play a direct role in chemoprevention. However, the sugar groups on glycosides can greatly affect the bioavailability of flavones and flavonols. Flavonoids linked with indigestible sugars are not absorbed in the small intestine, but are transported through the digestive tract to be degraded by gut bacteria in the large intestine. The compounds that directly play a tole in the prevention of degenerative diseases are most likely not dietary flavones themselves, but rather their metabolites and conjugation products