Use of stem cells in tissue engineering and reconstruction of the maxillofacial region

The oral and craniofacial defect reconstruction has been a daunting task for several decades. Many clinicians have attempted to switch surgical techniques in flap transfer to enhance the purposeful outcomes. In many cases, however, near total restoration of the native anatomy is not achievable. Also, the normal functional performance is not attainable, regardless of the surgical technique used. This problem is more evident within the oral and craniofacial region considering the importance of functions, such as speech, chewing, and appearance. Stem cells have attracted a growing interest within the scientific community chiefly for their ability to regenerate broken tissues and conjointly for their known potential in modulating inflammatory and immune responses. These skills have caused stem cells to be thought about as a promising strategic tool for a range of clinical maxillofacial applications. In this review, authors briefly summarize the applications of stem cells in maxillofacial surgery.

LLOV: A Fast Static Data-Race Checker for OpenMP Programs

In the era of Exascale computing, writing efficient parallel programs is indispensable and at the same time, writing sound parallel programs is very difficult. Specifying parallelism with frameworks such as OpenMP is relatively easy, but data races in these programs are an important source of bugs. In this paper, we propose LLOV, a fast, lightweight, language agnostic, and static data race checker for OpenMP programs based on the LLVM compiler framework. We compare LLOV with other state-of-the-art data race checkers on a variety of well-established benchmarks. We show that the precision, accuracy, and the F1 score of LLOV is comparable to other checkers while being orders of magnitude faster. To the best of our knowledge, LLOV is the only tool among the state-of-the-art data race checkers that can verify a C/C++ or FORTRAN program to be data race free.Comment: Accepted in ACM TACO, August 202

Periosteal fenestration vestibuloplasty procedure for sulcus deepening in a hemimandibulectomy patient following implant therapy

Ablative surgery of the jaws may be necessary when malignant disease or destructive benign disease occurs. Surgical reconstruction needs to include the restoration of masticatory function so that the quality of life after the operation is optimal. When resection includes part of the upper or lower jaw, the aim of reconstruction should encompass not only the restoration of aesthetics, speech and swallowing, but also the recreation of an alveolar ridge suitable for prosthetic rehabilitation of the dental occlusion. In the present case, depth of vestibule was inadequate following implant placement thereby severely compromising prosthetic rehabilitation. Hence vestibuloplasty was done with periosteal fenestration operation, which provided retention and stability of mandibular prosthesis and hence greatly improved his overall quality of life

A comparative evaluation of efficacy of Punica granatum and chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis

Background: Periodontal diseases are chronic bacterial infections that lead to gingival inflammation, periodontal tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss. Acting as powerful allies in the fight against periodontal disease, natural compounds can help safeguard against lethal age-related diseases that emanate from our mouths. Punica granatum (pomegranate) shrub belongs to the Punicaceae family which has been used as an astringent, hemostatic, antidiabetic, antihelmintic, and also for diarrhea and dysentery. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possible efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract from Punica granatum fruit as an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent when compared with chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 - Pomegranate mouthwash and Group 2 - Chlorhexidine mouthwash. Punica granatum mouthwash was prepared using raw Punica granatum fruit. Patients were instructed to use the prescribed mouthwash for 15 days. Clinical evaluation was undertaken using the gingival index, the plaque index, and bleeding on probing at baseline, 7 days, and 15 days. Results: The clinical study observed significant improvement in gingival status in both the sites (P<0.05). Subjects using Punica granatum mouthwash showed significant improvement in bleeding and gingivitis score as compared with chlorhexidine. In contrast, Punica granatum was shown not to be so effective in reducing plaque scores. Chlorhexidine still remains as a standard in the reduction of plaque in subjects with gingivitis. Conclusion: Punica granatum mouthwash is beneficial in improving gingival status due to its profound styptic action, with sufficient reduction in plaque scores

Regeneration of periodontal ligament fibers around mini dental implants and their attachment to the bone in an animal model: A radiographic and histological study

Background: Tissue-engineered periodontal ligament (PDL) around a dental implant by using PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) may be useful in periodontal regeneration and can reduce or eliminate certain shortcomings of dental implants. Materials and Methods: PDLSCs were isolated from extracted human PDL cells and cultured in a bioreactor. They were identified using markers CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146. After the formation of multiple cellular layers, they were then attached on titanium mini dental implants and placed in rabbit tibia. The rabbits were sacrificed after 9 months, and the implants were analyzed histologically and radiographically by Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Results: Isolated PDLSCs obtained from human premolars showed a colony-forming ability on the 7th day and 14th day. Immunocytochemistry revealed that cells had taken up the adequate positive stains for primary antibodies CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 and negative staining for CD45. The histological sections obtained from sacrificed rabbits, when viewed under the light microscope, clearly showed the presence of PDL around dental implants. CBCT examination showed that the implant was well within the bone and did not migrate. The site appeared to be normal without any lytic changes in the bone. Conclusion: It can safely be postulated from the present study that tissue engineering of PDL can be achieved around dental implants using PDLSCs. Important inter-tissue interactions like the formation of a functional PDL around the implantation site, and induction of bone formation in the vicinity of the implants may be possible. Future research in humans is required for further research

Time trend analysis of Dengue fever in Jaipur- A Record based Study

INTRODUCTION: Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is a major public health threat globally. The number of dengue cases reported to WHO increased over 8 fold over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019. Reported deaths between the year&nbsp;2000 and 2015 increased from 960 to 4032, affecting mostly younger age group. The total number of cases seemingly decreased during years 2020 and 2021, as well as for reported deaths. However, the data is not yet complete and COVID-19 pandemic might have also hampered case reporting in several countries. This record based study was planned to study the annual and seasonal trend of dengue fever and effect of COVID-19 on reporting of dengue fever. METHODOLOGY: The record based analysis was done by collecting data from the CMHO after taking informed consent from the Chief Medical and Health Officer, Jaipur. Previous five years (2017-2021) data was collected to study the annual and seasonal trends of dengue in Jaipur. Descriptive statistics was expressed in percentage and proportions. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using epi info version 7.2.2.6 (software). RESULTS: The number of cases increased from 2017 to 2018 with a slight decrease in 2019. There is sudden decrease in the number of cases from 2019 to 2020 which clearly shows the effect of COVID-19 pandemic. It was noticed that the number of cases start increasing from August and reach a peak in October and then start decreasing. CONCLUSION: Dengue is present through-out the year but becomes a public health problem in third quarter of year. Underreporting of dengue cases and similar clinical presentation as COVID 19 made situation more difficult in its diagnosis and management that ultimately results in less cases reported in 2020. &nbsp

A novel nano-architecture for ZnO thin films on h100i Si, GaAs and InP single crystal wafers by L-MBE as value in nano-robotic (machining) device fabrication efforts

In this present work, the effects of various substrate temperatures and various substrates on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film growth and on surface morphological properties were studied. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that laser molecular beam epitaxy (L-MBE), i.e., pulsed laser deposited (PLD) zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on semiconductor wafers have been applied to Semiconductor–Insulator–Semiconductor (SIS) type multi-junction solar cells, as wide band-gap transparent conducting oxide (TCO) front electrode window layers, compatible with current semiconductor processing techniques. As well as our main aim, the feasibility of developing highly nano-tectured thin films was also studied simultaneously. The surface morphological and film growth characteristics of ZnO thin films laser deposited on to various substrates like glass, Silicon (Si), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and Indium Phosphide (InP) at various substrate temperatures like room temperature, 200 1C and 300 1C using ZnO pallets as targets are very novel, intelligent and significant from reported so for. The deposition process was optimized. The micro- and nano-scale photo-graphs of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) showed the improvements of crystalline and surface nature of ZnO thin films with respect to various substrate temperatures and substrates. Better surface architecture was observed for thin films deposited at 300 1C than RT, 200 1C and on InP than Si and GaAs. Increasing the substrate temperature leads the films to fine nano-structure world. The results were discussed in detail. Thus we have developed a novel nano-architecture to obtain high quality ZnO nano-crystalline semiconductor thin films of different nano-scale grain sizes on glass and Si, GaAs and InP semiconductor single crystal wafers by using different substrate temperatures and substrates as controlling tools as value in practical nano-robotic (machining) device fabrication efforts

A novel deep learning model for detection of severity level of the disease in citrus fruits

Citrus fruit diseases have an egregious impact on both the quality and quantity of the citrus fruit production and market. Automatic detection of severity is essential for quality productions of fruits. In current work, citrus fruits dataset is preprocessed by rescaling and establishing bounding boxes with labeled image software. Then Selective search, which combines the capabilities of both an extensive search and graph based segmentation, is applied. The proposed DNN (deep neural network) model is trained to detect targeted area of the disease with its severity level using citrus fruits that have been labeled by taking help of a domain expert with four severity level(high, medium ,low and healthy) as ground truth. Transfer learning using VGGNet is applied to implement multi- classification framework for each class of severity. The model predicts the low severity level with 99% accuracy, and the high severity level with 98% accuracy. Model produces 96% accuracy in detecting 1 healthy conditions and 97% accuracy in detecting medium severity levels. The result of the work 1 shows that the proposed approach is valid, and it is efficient for detecting citrus fruit disease at four 1 levels of severity