Run Away or Stick Together? The Impact of Organization-Specific Adverse Events on Alliance Partner Defection

Alliances are inter-organizational relationships wherein partners agree to engage in joint action and share benefits and burdens. But when might an adverse event that strikes one partner become too burdensome for another partner? Extant theories of alliance instability provide incomplete answers, which is problematic: for stricken organizations, anticipating whether their non-stricken partners will remain in the alliance can be essential for survival. Integrating insights from alliance dynamics and organizational stigma literatures, we theorize how an organization-specific adverse event affects a non-stricken partner's decision to continue with or defect from an alliance by considering factors that shift the balance between cohesive and disruptive forces. We propose that high stigmatization risk will increase the probability of partner defection through two disruptive mechanisms: relational uncertainty and stigma anxiety. Building on the idea that the same factors contributing to alliance formation may also condition partner defection, we theorize about the roles of partner resource interdependencies, relational embeddedness, and perceived partner similarity in amplifying or attenuating disruptive mechanisms triggered by an adverse event. We extend the research on partner defection and alliance instability by advancing an event-based view of alliance instability and specifying the conditions under which an alliance partner might defect

Consecutive reactions: role of mass transfer factors

The effect of mass transfer factors on the selectivity of a consecutive reaction was studied. A theoretical analysis, based on the film model, was made for different cases to bring out the effect of mass transfer on the selectivity with respect to the intermediate product. The experimental work was concerned with the chlorination of p-cresol dissolved in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. A good agreement between the experimental and the predicted values was observed

Estimate tower pressure drop

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Gas hold-up and mass transfer characteristics of packed bubble columns

The fractional gas hold-up, effective interfacial area a and the liquid side mass transfer coefficient k<SUB>L</SUB>a were obtained from 100 and 200 mm i.d. packed bubble columns using wire gauze packings. The values of a and k<SUB>L</SUB>a were measured using chemical methods. Two modes of operation were studied: (i) semi-continuous and (ii) continuous counter-current. The gas and liquid velocities were varied in the ranges 20 - 300 mm/s and 1 - 5 mm/s, respectively. The values of a and k<SUB>L</SUB>a were found to be in the ranges 80 - 160 m<SUP>2</SUP>/m<SUP>3</SUP> and 0.04 - 0.09 s<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. The performance of the wire gauze packings is compared with that of conventional packings