Etanercept Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Titanium Particle-Stimulated Peritoneal Macrophages

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory role of Etanercept in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in titanium (Ti) particle stimulated macrophages.Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with 1 × 109 Ti particles and treated simultaneously with or without 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL Etanercept. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture supernatants were measured using ELISA.Results: Titanium particles could stimulate TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in peritoneal macrophages. Etanercept inhibited Ti particle-induced TNF-α release by 29.7 % at 10 ng/ml (19.19 ± 4.72 pg/mL, p < 0.01), 49.3 % at 100 ng/mL (13.83 ± 3.72 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and 60.4 % at 1000 ng/mL (10.82 ± 3.87 pg/mL, p < 0.001), IL-1β release by 5.23 % at 10 ng/mL (34.79 ± 7.83 pg/mL, p > 0.05), 21.06 % at 100 ng/mL (28.98 ± 4.81 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and 29.83 % at 1000 ng/mL (25.76 ± 5.23 pg/ml, p < 0.001), and IL-6 release by 38.69 % at 10 ng/mL (256.8 ± 99.56 pg/mL, p < 0.01), by 42.13 % at 100 ng/mL (242.4 ± 33.26 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and 53.4 % at 1000 ng/ml (195.2 ± 48.82 pg/mL, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Etanercept has potent ability to prevent wear debris–induced osteolysis and may be valuable as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of prosthetic loosening in humans.Keywords: Etanercept; titanium particle; proinflammatory cytokines; peritoneal macrophage

Experiment study on the effect of iron ore sinter behavior with adding biomass

This paper focused on the effect of sinter behavior with biomass.The changes of the relevant performance indexes of this sinter behavior, emission laws of harmful gases in flue gas emissions and the mechanism of emission reduction was studied in this paper.The results showed that, when the biomass amount is 0,28 %, the sinter index can meet production requirement, the porosity of sinter increased by 18,5 %, the sinter reduction degree increased by 2,66 %, the SO2 emissions of harmful gases in the flue gas reduced by about 14 %, the amount of NOx about 19 % lower

Metasurface-based Modulation with Enhanced Interference Resilience

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have great potential for Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to their cost-effectiveness and energy-efficiency. However, under the application of RIS, current RIS systems cannot actively predict and avoid interference, as evolving interference signals can dynamically change their frequency bands. To address this issue, we develop a learning-based dynamic RIS spectrum access scheme to avoid interference and enhance wireless transmission reliability. An intelligent metasurface-based modulation (MM) is designed for generating and reflecting anti-interference radio-frequency signals. Specifically, a Dyna-Q algorithm is employed at the RIS controller to learn the frequency of interference signals, which is used to determine the frequency of the carrier signals. Experiments are conducted on the proposed RIS demo system to evaluate its anti-interference capability, and the results show that our scheme leads to an increase of at least 50% in the system throughput. These numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed scheme

Effect of microwave irradiation on reactivity of metallurgical coke in CO2 atmosphere

Influence of microwave irradiation on gasification behavior and crystallite parameters of coke samples was studied in this research. The results indicated that microwave irradiation have significant influence on the carbon structure and the reactivity of coke in CO2 atmosphere. The thermogravimetric results showed that the temperature of coke at different conversion rates of 10 %, 20 % and 30 % were reduced by 20 °C, 30 °C and 50 °C respectively. Simultaneously, microwave irradiation may lead to variation in lateral size and stacking height of crystallite and subsequently reduce the gasification reaction rate of coke in CO2 atmosphere

Granularity collocation of single coal on comprehensive combustion of blends

The combustion of anthracite and bituminite blends with different bituminite particle size was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is indicated in the results that the increase of bituminite particle size may influence the pyrolysis of blends and consequently the decomposition of blends moved to higher temperature zones with the increase of bituminite particle size. However, the negative influence of specific area is not that significant to some bituminite and anthracite mixtures, the comprehensive combustion behavior of blends was stable when particle size of some bituminie PC was increased from 0,074 mm to 0,150 mm