The Fundamental Plane of Open Clusters

We utilize the data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment-2 (APOGEE-2) in the fourteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to calculate the line-of-sight velocity dispersion $\sigma_{1D}$ of a sample of old open clusters (age larger than 100\,Myr) selected from the Milky Way open cluster catalog of Kharchenko et al. (2013). Together with their $K_s$ band luminosity $L_{K_s}$, and the half-light radius $r_{h}$ of the most probable members, we find that these three parameters show significant pairwise correlations among each other. Moreover, a fundamental plane-{\it like} relation among these parameters is found for the oldest open clusters (age older than 1\,Gyr), $L_{K_s}\propto\sigma_{1D}^{0.82\pm0.29}\cdot r_h^{2.19\pm0.52}$ with $rms \sim\, 0.31$\,mag in the $K_s$ band absolute magnitude. The existence of this relation, which deviates significantly from the virial theorem prediction, implies that the dynamical structures of the old open clusters are quite similar, when survived from complex dynamical evolution to age older than 1 Gyr.Comment: accepted publication for ApJ lette

An experimental verification of the binary method for three-phase voltage source inverter

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the Binary method through experimentation. By resolving the maximum voltage conversion factor, effect of switching frequency, harmonic elimination, total harmonic distortion and harmonics loss factor, we are able to investigate the performance of the Binary method for controlling a three-phase voltage source inverter. Both the theoretical approach and experimental work are based on a 12 -pulses per cycle binary wave. The switching angles of the 3 pulses per quadrant are obtained from the Fourier analysis and Newton-Raphson method and then transformed into time delay and stored as a look up table in PIC Microcontroller. The IGBT switches in the inverter section are triggered by the microcontroller to generate the desired output waveform. For analysis, the output voltage waveforms are analyzed using "The Output Processor" ( TOP) software. Through the experimental findings, the voltage conversion factor for Binary method is 0.92. The ideal switching frequency for the Binary method is found to be from 180Hz to 1800Hz. The Binary method shows the ability to suppress the lower order harmonic content. Also in this work, the harmonic loss factor and total harmonic distortion for different delta connected loads are investigated

Visualizing the landscape and evolution of capacitive deionization by scientometric analysis

Capacitive deionization (CDI) as an emerging desalination technology attracts increasing attention due to its advantages such as low cost, environmental friendliness, simple operation, and large water recovery. This study presents a systematic, objective, and comprehensive review of CDI research via scientometric analysis. The dataset was collected from Web of Science and analysed by software Biblioshiny, VOSviewer and CiteSpace. After analysing a sum of 2270 documents, we identified the most influential journals, countries, institutions, authors, and publications. We also mapped the networks of co-authorship, co-citation, and keywords co-occurrence. Desalination has the largest number of publications in CDI. China is the country with the largest number of publications, and Egypt has the highest level of international collaboration. The keyword and cluster analyses demonstrate the evolution of CDI electrodes from traditional carbon materials through carbon-based nanomaterials to Faradaic materials and the diversification of CDI cell architectures. The timeline visualization displays five popular research topics, including electrode materials, charge efficiency, water salinity, CDI cell architectures, and selective removal. Moreover, we provided several recommendations for future research. This article will give authors an intuitive understanding of the research status, frontier topics, and emerging trends in CDI.</p

Minimizing power of RF pulse by genetic algorithm

In excitation phase of MRI, there is only a very small portion of the RF pulse energy used for rotating the net magnetization, most of them are deposited into the imaging object as heat. So, reducing the RF pulse power can effectively decrease the heat deposited. In this work, genetic algorithm is introduced to minimize the power of RF pulse in the pulse design procedure, while keeping the excited profile almost unchanged. Simulation result showed that the power of RF pulse can be reduced by about 17% using GA minimization, while the excitation profile homogeneity almost has no change.published_or_final_versio

Switching and stability properties of conewise linear systems

Being a unique phenomenon in hybrid systems, mode switch is of fundamental importance in dynamic and control analysis. In this paper, we focus on global long-time switching and stability properties of conewise linear systems (CLSs), which are a class of linear hybrid systems subject to state-triggered switchings recently introduced for modeling piecewise linear systems. By exploiting the conic subdivision structure, the “simple switching behavior” of the CLSs is proved. The infinite-time mode switching behavior of the CLSs is shown to be critically dependent on two attracting cones associated with each mode; fundamental properties of such cones are investigated. Verifiable necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the CLSs with infinite mode switches. Switch-free CLSs are also characterized by exploring the polyhedral structure and the global dynamical properties. The equivalence of asymptotic and exponential stability of the CLSs is established via the uniform asymptotic stability of the CLSs that in turn is proved by the continuous solution dependence on initial conditions. Finally, necessary and sufficient stability conditions are obtained for switch-free CLSs

LC decoupling circuit for arbitrarily placed coils

published_or_final_versio

A Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is urodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication impairments as well as a wide range of behavior deficits. For years, motor disturbance reported in ASD has not been treated as a major core deficit because of the overwhelming problems in sociability and communication. Recent studies, however, reveal that motor deficits are associated with the core symptoms of ASD. Because limited studies have addressed motor behavior of children with ASD, especially in China, the purpose of this study is to explore the development of fundamental movement skills in children with ASD and compare it to that of typically developing (TD) children. A total of 108 children with ASD aged 5-14 years and 108 age- and gender-matched TD children were evaluated. FMS were assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (MABC-2) including manual dexterity, aiming and catching, static and dynamic balance, and overall motor skills. The results included: (1) The development of FMS of children with ASD was significantly behind that of the children with TD at the same age. About 80% of children with ASD experienced motor difficulty or were at risk for motor delay. (2) Children with ASD showed significantly lower standard scores than typically developing children at the same age on manual dexterity, ball skills, and static and dynamic balance and overall MABC-2 scores (all p \u3c 0.001), and there was no significant gender difference (all p \u3e 0.05). Besides the core areas of developmental deficits described in the diagnostic manual for ASD, clinicians should assess motor deficits when diagnosing and treating children with ASD. Evidence-based interventions on FMS should be introduced when motor deficits are present