PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF XANTHONE-LOADED MAKING (HODGSONIA HETEROCLITA) MICROEMULSIONS

Objective: The aim of this study was to incorporate xanthone into Making (Hodgsonia heteroclita) microemulsions and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the formulations.Methods: Making oil was obtained from the seed of Hodgsonia heteroclite by a screw press machine. The solubility of xanthone in various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was investigated. Stable Making microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel were simultaneously loaded with xanthone. Finally, an in vitro xanthone release study was carried out and antioxidant activity was determined.Results: The optimal formulations of the Making microemulsion consisted of Making oil, capryol 90, tween 80, propylene glycol, and water. The average droplet size of xanthone-loaded Making microemulsion was around 110–130 nm. It was found that the stability of the xanthone-loaded Making microemulsion-based gel was higher than the xanthone-loaded Making microemulsion. Besides, the release of xanthone from the Making microemulsion-based gel was lower than that of the Making microemulsion. Moreover, it was found that the antioxidant activity of both xanthone-loaded Making microemulsion (TEAC and EC values of 9.8 mmol/mg and 14.8 mmol/mg, respectively) and microemulsion-based gel (TEAC and EC values of 9.4 mmol/mg and 18.5 mmol/mg, respectively) remained high even after extended storage conditions.Conclusion: It was concluded that Making oil is an attractive material to deliver xanthone in pharmaceutical applications

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LANNA MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN MAHOOG FORMULA

Objectives: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Lanna medicinal plants used in Mahoog formula were investigated.Methods: Dried powders of twenty five Lanna medicinal plants were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet's apparatus and with water by decoction method to obtain ethanolic and water extracts, respectively. Each extract was evaluated for antibacterial activity by agar diffusion technique and antioxidant activity by 2,2´-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.Results: Most ofLanna medicinal plant extracts were active against gram-positive bacteria. The extract of Caesalpinia sappan (heart wood) showed the highest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly,the extract of Sindora siamensis (stem) exhibited potent activity against S. aureus as same as C. sappan with MIC and MBC values of 0.049 and 0.098 mg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activities revealed that the extract of C. sappan and S. siamensis possess significant free radical scavenging and reducing power.Conclusion: Most of the medicinal plants consisted in Mahoog formula revealed antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Thedata obtained from the study will be used as a scientific evidence to support the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants used in Mahoog formula.Â

เทคนิคการหักล้างวงจรกรองสำหรับการหาค่าอิมพีแดนซ์ของเซลล์เชื้อเพลิงชนิดเมมเบรนแลกเปลี่ยนโปรตอน

Scientists around the world regard fuel cells as a promise solution to the fossil fuel mitigation. However, PEMFC needs a proper electric power converter to convert their dc voltage output to match the conventional dc or ac electric load. To design the proper electric power converter, the characteristic of the targeted PEMFC like the characteristic curve or the cell impedance is required. The equipment for measuring the electrochemical impedance, which is usually available in chemical or material science laboratory, is not suited for evaluating the fuel cell system at the rated operating point. The limit is mainly on the current rating of the measuring equipment. This forces the electric converter designers to evaluate the cell impedance manually. This paper presents several pitfalls and solutions in evaluating the cell impedance. With proper measuring configuration presented in this paper the cell impedance can be extracted from the measured signals without using any high-end equipment

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Various Fraction of Leea rubra (Leeaceae)

The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extracts of Leea rubra (Leeaceae) roots and stems, which has been used as a Lanna Traditional Medicines for Màhòog. Each extract was tested for antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method and microbroth dilution method and antioxidant activity by 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethyl- benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The ethylacetate extract of L. rubra root showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive (IZD=15.5.0±0.5 to 17.5±0.5 mm, MIC=0.098-1.562 mg/ml).  While the ethanolic extract of root showed the strongest antioxidant activity in ABTS, DPPH and FRAP method (TEAC=0.888±0.001, 0.849±0.020 and 0.733±0.037, respectively). The data obtained from this study confirms the traditional use of L. rubra for treatment Màhòog. Keywords: Leea rubra, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activit

Chemical Profiling of Essential Oil Composition and Biological Evaluation of Anethum graveolens L. (Seed) Grown in Thailand

In this study, the essential oil of Anethum graveolens L. seed (AEo) was studied for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. AEo was obtained from hydro-distillation and their composition was analyzed by GC-MS.  The major compositions of AEo are D-carvone, carvone, dill apiol and limonene. AEo was investigated for antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay and measured total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method.  Agar-well diffusion assay was used to study the anti-microbial activity and also agar-dilution and broth-micro dilution techniques were employed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. In addition, the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity were evaluated on Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Resazurin micro plate assay (REMA).  The results showed that AEo exhibited high total phenolic content (GAE= 4.5746 mg/mL) and antioxidant activities on DPPH (TEAC= 52.5391 mg/mL), ABTS (TEAC= 1.5936 mg/mL) and FRAP assay (TEAC= 0.5469 mg/mL) and also showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the MIC= 5.99 mg/mL.  Furthermore, AEo presented non-cytoxicity in normal cell whereas it exhibited greatly anti-cancer activity on KB-Oral cavity and MCF7-Breast cancer cells. Keywords: Anethum graveolens L., antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, chemical composition

Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Anethum graveolens L. and Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) Craib grown in hailand

The essential oils from the aerial part of Anethum graveolens L. and Trachyspermum roxburghinum (DC.) Craib were obtained by hydro-distillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the identification of chemical components. Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were used to determine total phenolic content and to evaluate antioxidant potential. Agar-well diffusion and agar-dilution methods were used to investigate antibacterial activity. The results indicated that a-phellandrene (61.57%), ?-phenandrene (10.39%) and dill ether (8.23%) represented as the major components of A. graveolens while sabinene (28.60%) and a-terpinolene (24.20%) including 3-n-butylphathalide (23.34%) were the main compounds of T. roxburghinum. The essential oils of both plants showed high total phenolic content (GEA= 1.7948-3.0971 mg/mL) and exhibited potent antioxidant activities in DPPH (TEAC= 19.3119 and 357.9297 mg/mL), ABTS (TEAC= 4.6031 and 13.4242 mg/mL) and FRAP assays (TEAC= 0.8327and 27.4173 mg/mL). Moreover, they had an effect on both gram-positive bacteria with MIC 2.66-11.88 mg/mL and gram-negative bacteria with MIC 23.76-85.77 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Anethum graveolens L., Trachyspermum roxburghinum (DC.) Craib, essential oil, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity

DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-WRINKLE CREAM FROM PUERARIA CANDOLLEI VAR. MIRIFICA (AIRY SHAW AND SUVAT.) NIYOMDHAM, KWAO KRUA KAO†FOR MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Objective: The aim of this study was to incorporate Peraria candollei var. mirifica extract into the cream, to evaluate the physical properties and to conduct the skin tests in participants.Methods: Pueraria candollei var. mirifica was extracted with 95% ethanol to obtain crude pueraria extract (PCM). Crude PCM was developed as an anti-wrinkle PCM cream (B) intended for menopausal women. PCM cream was evaluated for stability of pH and viscosity, primary skin irritation, wrinkle reduction and moisturizing as well as customer satisfaction. Cream base (A) and cream purchased from the market (C) were used for comparison. ANOVA post hoc Turkey was used to analyze the variance (p0.05) of the mean comparisons between groups by cluster analysis. Results: The PCM cream appeared as white color, pH was 6.80, and viscosity was 4.069±0.01 Pa. s, as well as physical characteristic and texture, were acceptable and no irritating reaction. PCM cream exhibited a similar level of moisturizer as cream A and C. The PCM cream revealed an ability to decrease the wrinkle surface and wrinkle volume after applied for 7 and 14 d that shows the activity of this product performed from the PCM extract. Satisfaction of PCM cream showed good acceptance.Conclusion: These results suggest that PCM cream has the ability to reduce skin wrinkles. It is a good product for postmenopausal women and may also be of benefit for the general population for protection skin wrinkle