Diferencijalni udarni presjeci za rašprsenje elektrona atomima iterbija

Electron scattering by ytterbium atom is studied at energies 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 eV, by applying a parameter-free complex optical potential. The real part of the complex optical potential includes the static potential Vst(r), the polarization potential Vpol(r) that consists of the short range correlation and long-range polarization effects and Vex(r) term consisting of electron exchange interaction which is modelled by assuming the electron charge cloud as a free electron gas. The loss of flux into the inelastic channels is included via a phenomenological absorption potential. Our results are compared with the recent experimental measurements.Proučavamo raspršenje elektrona na enegijama 10, 20, 40, 60 i 80 eV primjenom bezparametarskog kompleksnog optičkog potencijala. Realni dio optičkog potencijala uključuje statički potencijal Vst(r), polarizacijski potencijal Vpol(r) koji se sastoji od kratko-dosežnih korelacija i dugo-dosežnih polarizacijskih efekata i član Vex(r) koji se sastoji od elektronskog međudjelovanja izmjene, a izražen je pretpostavivši oblak elektronskog naboja kao slobodan elektronski plin. Gubitak toka u neelastične kanale uključuje se preko fenomenološkog apsorpcijskog potencijala. Postignuti ishodi uspoređuju se s nedavnim eksperimentalnim podacima

Ukupni (elastični i neelastični) udarni presjeci raspršenja elektrona na molekulama N2O, CF4, NO I F2

Electron impact total (elastic + inelastic) cross sections and total ionization cross sections are calculated for N2O, CF4, NO and F2 molecules from the thresholds to 5 keV. A model complex optical potential is calculated for each collision system from the corresponding molecular wave function at the Hartree-Fock level. The resulting complex optical potential, free from any adjustable parameter, is treated exactly in a variable-phase approach to calculate scattering complex phase shifts and the total cross sections. The present results are found to be consistent with the existing experimental measurements.Izračunali smo ukupne elektronske sudarne (elastične i neelastične) i ukupne ionizacijske udarne presjeke za molekule N2O, CF4, NO i F2 za energije od praga do 5 keV. Modelske kompleksne optičke potencijale smo izračunali za svaki sustav na osnovi odgovarajućih molekulskih Hartree-Fockovih valnih funkcija. Postignute optičke potencijale, bez parametara za podešavanje, primijenili smo egzaktno s promjenljivim fazama u računima kompleksnih faznih pomaka i ukupnih udarnih presjeka. Ishodi računa su u skladu s dostupnim rezultatima mjerenja

Diferencijalni udarni presjeci za rašprsenje elektrona atomima iterbija

Electron scattering by ytterbium atom is studied at energies 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 eV, by applying a parameter-free complex optical potential. The real part of the complex optical potential includes the static potential Vst(r), the polarization potential Vpol(r) that consists of the short range correlation and long-range polarization effects and Vex(r) term consisting of electron exchange interaction which is modelled by assuming the electron charge cloud as a free electron gas. The loss of flux into the inelastic channels is included via a phenomenological absorption potential. Our results are compared with the recent experimental measurements.Proučavamo raspršenje elektrona na enegijama 10, 20, 40, 60 i 80 eV primjenom bezparametarskog kompleksnog optičkog potencijala. Realni dio optičkog potencijala uključuje statički potencijal Vst(r), polarizacijski potencijal Vpol(r) koji se sastoji od kratko-dosežnih korelacija i dugo-dosežnih polarizacijskih efekata i član Vex(r) koji se sastoji od elektronskog međudjelovanja izmjene, a izražen je pretpostavivši oblak elektronskog naboja kao slobodan elektronski plin. Gubitak toka u neelastične kanale uključuje se preko fenomenološkog apsorpcijskog potencijala. Postignuti ishodi uspoređuju se s nedavnim eksperimentalnim podacima

Ukupni (elastični i neelastični) udarni presjeci raspršenja elektrona na molekulama N2O, CF4, NO I F2

Electron impact total (elastic + inelastic) cross sections and total ionization cross sections are calculated for N2O, CF4, NO and F2 molecules from the thresholds to 5 keV. A model complex optical potential is calculated for each collision system from the corresponding molecular wave function at the Hartree-Fock level. The resulting complex optical potential, free from any adjustable parameter, is treated exactly in a variable-phase approach to calculate scattering complex phase shifts and the total cross sections. The present results are found to be consistent with the existing experimental measurements.Izračunali smo ukupne elektronske sudarne (elastične i neelastične) i ukupne ionizacijske udarne presjeke za molekule N2O, CF4, NO i F2 za energije od praga do 5 keV. Modelske kompleksne optičke potencijale smo izračunali za svaki sustav na osnovi odgovarajućih molekulskih Hartree-Fockovih valnih funkcija. Postignute optičke potencijale, bez parametara za podešavanje, primijenili smo egzaktno s promjenljivim fazama u računima kompleksnih faznih pomaka i ukupnih udarnih presjeka. Ishodi računa su u skladu s dostupnim rezultatima mjerenja

LanGWM: Language Grounded World Model

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have showcased its potential in tackling complex tasks. However, experiments on visual control tasks have revealed that state-of-the-art reinforcement learning models struggle with out-of-distribution generalization. Conversely, expressing higher-level concepts and global contexts is relatively easy using language. Building upon recent success of the large language models, our main objective is to improve the state abstraction technique in reinforcement learning by leveraging language for robust action selection. Specifically, we focus on learning language-grounded visual features to enhance the world model learning, a model-based reinforcement learning technique. To enforce our hypothesis explicitly, we mask out the bounding boxes of a few objects in the image observation and provide the text prompt as descriptions for these masked objects. Subsequently, we predict the masked objects along with the surrounding regions as pixel reconstruction, similar to the transformer-based masked autoencoder approach. Our proposed LanGWM: Language Grounded World Model achieves state-of-the-art performance in out-of-distribution test at the 100K interaction steps benchmarks of iGibson point navigation tasks. Furthermore, our proposed technique of explicit language-grounded visual representation learning has the potential to improve models for human-robot interaction because our extracted visual features are language grounded

Relationship between genetic divergence and phenotypic stability in chickpea

In this investigation, by and large, genotypes included in the same cluster had identiea means but the linear responses were not the same. However, genotypes included in the same cluster had almost identical non-linear responses. Therefore, grouping of material into different clusters based on regression analysis was found to be reliable as that of Mahalanobis' D2 Statisti

Genetic divergence in chickpea

The grouping of genotypes from different ecogeographical areas in the same cluster confirmed that there is no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. The pattern of clustering was highly influenced by environment and while making general statement on this aspect, the experimental conditions should be taken into consideration. To make worthwhile improvement in chickpea, 100-seed weight, pods per plant, flowering period and harvest index, in that order, should be taken into account. The clustering pattern of genotypes has revealed that Desi and Kabuli types are different from each other. Hence, crossing among these two types may provide more desirable segregant