Planck 2013 results. XXII. Constraints on inflation

We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The Planck nominal mission temperature anisotropy measurements, combined with the WMAP large-angle polarization, constrain the scalar spectral index to be ns = 0:9603 _ 0:0073, ruling out exact scale invariance at over 5_: Planck establishes an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0:11 (95% CL). The Planck data thus shrink the space of allowed standard inflationary models, preferring potentials with V00 < 0. Exponential potential models, the simplest hybrid inflationary models, and monomial potential models of degree n _ 2 do not provide a good fit to the data. Planck does not find statistically significant running of the scalar spectral index, obtaining dns=dln k = 0:0134 _ 0:0090. We verify these conclusions through a numerical analysis, which makes no slowroll approximation, and carry out a Bayesian parameter estimation and model-selection analysis for a number of inflationary models including monomial, natural, and hilltop potentials. For each model, we present the Planck constraints on the parameters of the potential and explore several possibilities for the post-inflationary entropy generation epoch, thus obtaining nontrivial data-driven constraints. We also present a direct reconstruction of the observable range of the inflaton potential. Unless a quartic term is allowed in the potential, we find results consistent with second-order slow-roll predictions. We also investigate whether the primordial power spectrum contains any features. We find that models with a parameterized oscillatory feature improve the fit by __2 e_ _ 10; however, Bayesian evidence does not prefer these models. We constrain several single-field inflation models with generalized Lagrangians by combining power spectrum data with Planck bounds on fNL. Planck constrains with unprecedented accuracy the amplitude and possible correlation (with the adiabatic mode) of non-decaying isocurvature fluctuations. The fractional primordial contributions of cold dark matter (CDM) isocurvature modes of the types expected in the curvaton and axion scenarios have upper bounds of 0.25% and 3.9% (95% CL), respectively. In models with arbitrarily correlated CDM or neutrino isocurvature modes, an anticorrelated isocurvature component can improve the _2 e_ by approximately 4 as a result of slightly lowering the theoretical prediction for the ` <_ 40 multipoles relative to the higher multipoles. Nonetheless, the data are consistent with adiabatic initial conditions

Planck 2015 results. XX. Constraints on inflation

We present the implications for cosmic inflation of the Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in both temperature and polarization based on the full Planck survey. The Planck full mission temperature data and a first release of polarization data on large angular scales measure the spectral index of curvature perturbations to be n s = 0.968 ± 0.006 and tightly constrain its scale dependence to dn s /dlnk = −0.003 ± 0.007 when combined with the Planck lensing likelihood. When the high-ℓ polarization data is included, the results are consistent and uncertainties are reduced. The upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio is r 0.002 <0.11 (95% CL), consistent with the B-mode polarization constraint r<0.12 (95% CL) obtained from a joint BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck analysis. These results imply that V(ϕ)∝ϕ 2 and natural inflation are now disfavoured compared to models predicting a smaller tensor-to-scalar ratio, such as R 2 inflation. Three independent methods reconstructing the primordial power spectrum are investigated. The Planck data are consistent with adiabatic primordial perturbations. We investigate inflationary models producing an anisotropic modulation of the primordial curvature power spectrum as well as generalized models of inflation not governed by a scalar field with a canonical kinetic term. The 2015 results are consistent with the 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

PArTaGE, connecté pour prédire le passé

International audienceLa plateforme PArTaGE a pour objectif de réunir les données d'une recherche pluridisciplinaire sur l'interaction entre l'Homme et son milieu naturel dans le cadre du bassin versant de l'Eure. Issues de différentes méthodes de l'archéologie et de la géomorphologie, ces données centralisées sur une plateforme collaborative permettront de caractériser l'espace étudié puis d'établir un modèle de peuplement sur le temps long en lien avec la géodynamique de la vallée

Démo-Hist pour démographie historique : une nouvelle structuration de données massives destinées aux problématiques des sciences humaines et sociales.

Within Axis 1 of the Roland Mousnier Center, the "Charleville" team was recently at the origin of a data structuring software called "Démo-Hist" for "Démographie-Historique". Presented by the three co-authors, Sylvain Rassat, Benoît Pandolfi and François-Joseph Ruggiu, the application has just been validated and officially registered by the Agency for the Protection of Programs (A.P.P).It is the culmination of almost three years of work and the manifestation of an integrated approach led by the Roland Mousnier Center which is fully in the interest of Sorbonne University and CNRS in the digital humanities and the great masses of data.At the origin of the software is the considerable amount of data accumulated during the socio-demographic survey conducted since the mid-2000s by the Roland Mousnier Center on the population of Charleville from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century. These data are essentially demographic, from parish registers, civil status registers, and annual censuses of the population, made by the municipality of the city, but also social and geographical.Initially entered on the Filemaker software, the data has been transposed into the new "Demo-Hist" structuring interoperable and transferable in various computer systems (MS-DOS, MAC-OS, LINUX, etc.), in different query systems. (SQL, POSTGRESQL, MYSQL for example) and exploitable by specific software (MySQLWorkbench, PGADMIN, ACCESS for example). This new tool allows the simultaneous storage and analysis of time factor (punctual and intervals), spatial data (point, linear and surface), and metadata related to archival documents and associated data entry campaigns.Thanks to its great physical lightness and simplicity of use, it is possible to carry out, either directly in a database management system (PGADMIN, ACCESS or MYSQL WORKBENCH for example) or, after export of discriminated data or not, third-party and autonomous software (RSTUDIO, STATA for example) simple statistical treatments, focused on the complete Carolopolitan population (single informal fields), or multivariate as well as longitudinal (chronological) analyzes of individual and collective links based on the notions of proximity, remoteness, ancestry and descent from graph theory

Système d’information de la ville de Charleville.

International audienc

Oronce Fine : une plateforme pour l'annotation sémantique de ressources cartographiques sur le Web de données (résumé)

International audienceThis proposal presents the Oronce Fine online collaborative platform. This platformcomplies with Semantic Web technologies and standards and aims to accommodate data forscientific projects on various disciplines, fields and time horizons in the humanities and socialsciences. Through this tool, we intend to facilitate the integration and sharing of historicaldocuments integrating multiple spatial and temporal dimensions: old maps and plans,geographical vector data, satellite images, photographs, texts, semantically enriched withvocabularies of the Web of data. Finally, it aims to be a collaborative working tool forhistorians and archaeologists, among others, as well as to be accessible to a wide audienceCe texte présente la plateforme collaborative en ligne Oronce Fine. Cette plateforme conforme aux technologies et standards du Web sémantique a pour objectif d'être le lieu d'accueil des données des projets scientifiques issus des disciplines, terrains et temporalités divers en sciences humaines et sociales. A travers cet outil le projet Oronce Fine se propose principalement de faciliter l'intégration et le partage de documents anciens intégrant de multiples dimensions spatio-temporelles (cartes et plans anciens, données géographiques format vecteur, images satellite, photographies, textes) et enrichis par des vocabulaires du Web de données. Elle a enfin pour objectif d'être un outil de travail collaboratif pour entre autres des historiens et des archéologues, ainsi que d'être consultable par un large public

Atteindre l'histoire de la forêt de Compiègne par la télédétection aérienne et l'exploration des archives du sol

International audienceArchaeological research in the forest environment has undergone significant development over the last decade, mainly because of the growing use of airborne laser survey techniques, better known by the acronym LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). These techniques, implemented in many forests , have breathed new life into the scientific issues, while generating new synergies between research actors. The article offers a concrete illustration relating to the Forest of Compiègne.La recherche archéologique en milieu forestier connaît un important dévelop-pement depuis une dizaine d'années, en raison notamment de l'utilisation croissante des techniques de levé par laser aéroporté, plus connues sous l'acronyme de LiDAR (light detection and ranging). Ces techniques, mises en oeuvre dans de nombreuses forêts, ont considérablement renouvelé les problématiques scientifiques, tout en générant de nou-velles synergies entre les acteurs de la recherche. L'article en propose une illustration concrète portant sur la forêt de Compiègne

Vallée de l'Eure : une rivière, des territoires: Projet collectif de recherche. Rapport d'opérations 2019

Le PCR « Vallée de l’Eure : une rivière, des territoires » s’intéresse au bassin versant de l’Eure, sous bassin du Bassin parisien, encore très peu étudié sur le plan archéologique et historique. Il se place dans la continuité des grands programmes lancés à partir des années 1990 sur l’étude des dynamiques de peuplement et de l’organisation spatiale des territoires, qui ne cessent de se multiplier pour développer des problématiques autour du rôle des sociétés dans les phénomènes de transmission et de changement des formes spatiales, y intégrant aussi bien des études sur la morphologie des paysages que sur la formation des groupes culturels, jusqu’à la reconstitution de dynamiques socio-environnementales qu’engendrent au court du temps les interactions entre l’homme et son milieu, entre les sous-systèmes culturel et naturel.Le projet résulte d’une réflexion sur les réelles capacités documentaires d’un corpus donné en matière de reconstitution évolutive des paysages aussi bien naturels qu’anthropiques et sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre en termes d’efficacité et de pertinence pour pallier la discontinuité et le fractionnement de la donnée toutes périodes et disciplines confondues. En s’inscrivant volontairement dans un contexte de faible documentation archéologique, le projet ouvre sur une approche exploratoire et prospective, aussi bien sur le plan scientifique que technologique.Au-delà de l’enrichissement du corpus somme toute maigre des gisements archéologiques du secteur, il vise à restituer les modalités de la construction des territoires et des patrimoines naturels, culturels et sociaux sur le temps long en privilégiant le dialogue transchronologique et l’interdisciplinarité. Il met également en place une plateforme Web-SIG originale dont l’objectif est non seulement de centraliser la collecte des données pluridisciplinaires de manière à pouvoir les croiser, mais aussi, en amont comme en aval, à aider à la réflexion et à la décision sur le terrainen matière de connaissance, de conservation et a fortiori d’aménagement et de gestion des risques de notre environnement historique et naturel, passé, actuel et futur