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Not AvailableA stepwise linear programming (SLP) is utilized for solving the land and water resources management problem. The formulated model considers integrated planning of surface water and ground water resources. The developed model is applied to Hirakud command area of western Odisha. The western part of Odisha faces acute shortage of drinking water almost every year. The study area is bounded by Mahanadi river in the west. Model is applied for the major crops in the canal command area. The model is evaluated for different inexact bounds on available natural resources (land and water). The model results are useful in evolving crop specific land utilization levels and quantities of surface and ground water resources for deriving maximum benefit. The model also provides season specific crop scheduling information. The performance evaluation study shows potential applicability of the developed methodology.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn integrated land and water management model incorporating inexact framework is developed for sectorwise and seasonwise planning in the canal subcommand area. The gray systems theory is utilized for defining system parameters and decision variables within the inexact framework. The model considers the objective of maximizing the net annual return subject to optimal allocation of land and water resources for given imprecise information on net return of crop, available resources (land, surface water, and groundwater), and water demand in the cultivable subcommand area. Gray linear programming (GLP) is utilized for solving the optimization problem. The developed model is applied to the Hirakud canal subcommand area of western Odisha, India. The model is evaluated for different scenarios with inexact bounds on available natural resources (land and water) for different crops. The model results show its usefulness in evolving crop-specific land utilization levels and quantities of surface water and groundwater resources for deriving maximum benefit. The model also provides season-specific crop-scheduling information. The evaluation results show potential applicability of the developed methodology.Not Availabl

Optimal Irrigation Allocation: A Multilevel Approach

Optimal resources allocation strategies for a canal command in the semiarid region of Indian Punjab are developed in a stochastic regime, considering the competition of the crops in a season, both for irrigation water and area of cultivation. The proposed strategies are divided into two modules using a multilevel approach. The first module determines the optimal seasonal allocation of water as well as optimal cropping pattern. This module is subdivided into two stages. The first stage is a single crop intraseasonal model that employs a stochastic dynamic programming algorithm. The stochastic variables are weekly canal releases and evapotranspiration of the crop that are fitted to different probability distribution functions to determine the expected values at various risk levels. The second stage is a deterministic dynamic programming model that takes into account the multicrop situation. An exponential seasonal crop-water production function is used in this stage. The second module is a single crop stochastic dynamic programming intraseasonal model that takes the output of the first module and gives the optimal weekly irrigation allocations for each crop by considering the stress sensitivity factors of crops

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Not AvailableLand and water resources allocation policies are imperative for sustainable natural resources management of an irrigation project. The groundwater resource of the irrigation system is very complex and dynamic in nature. For understanding and managing these resources for future policy development and implementation, mathematical modeling approach is highly essential. Therefore, a three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model is developed using MODFLOW for simulating hydraulic head, using available well data and general hydro-geological information. The layer property flow (LPF) package of the MODFLOW model is used in the present study. The developed model is applied to the Hirakud canal command (416 km2) of western Odisha. Transient calibration of the groundwater flow model is accomplished by varying model parameters (horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, specific yield, and recharge rate) by matching simulated hydraulic head distribution with the groundwater levels observed data for the period January, 2005 to January 2006. Trial and error method is adopted in the present study for the calibration. After calibration, groundwater model is utilized for verification of the optimal water allocation policy. Keeping the values of calibrated parameter fixed, model is run with changing agricultural water demand to develop various scenarios of groundwater withdrawal policy guidelines for agricultural water management of the study area. Thus, the model study served the purpose of proper utiliziation of the groundwater resources precisely in a sustainable manner and policy implementation of the study area.Not Availabl

Optimal crop planning and conjunctive use of water resources in a coastal river basin

Due to increasing trend of intensive rice cultivation in a coastal river basin, crop planning and groundwater management are imperative for the sustainable agriculture. For effective management, two models have been developed viz. groundwater balance model and optimum cropping and groundwater management model to determine optimum cropping pattern and groundwater allocation from private and government tubewells according to different soil types (saline and non-saline), type of agriculture (rainfed and irrigated) and seasons (monsoon and winter). A groundwater balance model has been developed considering mass balance approach. The components of the groundwater balance considered are recharge from rainfall, irrigated rice and non-rice fields, base flow from rivers and seepage flow from surface drains. In the second phase, a linear programming optimization model is developed for optimal cropping and groundwater management for maximizing the economic returns. The models developed were applied to a portion of coastal river basin in Orissa State, India and optimal cropping pattern for various scenarios of river flow and groundwater availability was obtained