PENILAIAN SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL IRADIATOR GAMMA KATEGORI-IV PADA KEGAGALAN SISTEM CRANE PENGONTROL SUMBER ZAT RADIOAKTIF

PENILAIAN SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL IRADIATOR GAMMA KATEGORI-IV PADA KEGAGALAN SISTEM CRANE PENGONTROL SUMBER ZAT RADIOAKTIF. Penelitian penilaian Safety Integrity Level (SIL) telah dilakukan di  fasilitas iradiasi kategori-IV pada sistem crane pengontrol pergerakan sumber zat radioaktif Cobalt-60. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan  tingkatan SIL pada iradiator gamma kategori-IV pada simulasi kegagalan sistem pergerakan crane sumber zat radioaktif. Safety integrity level merupakan cara untuk menunjukkan tingkat kegagalan yang masih dapat diterima dari fungsi keselamatan tertentu. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) dan initial protection layer (IPL). Nilai frekuensi risiko terhadap paparan sumber zat radioaktif Cobalt-60 saat instalasi iradiator gamma beroperasi adalah bernilai 1,7 x 10-2 fail/year. Nilai sil dari simulasi kegagalan yang dilakukan adalah SIL-4 dengan nilai frekuensi kegagalan sebesar 7x10-7 dengan mengoptimalkan sistem perlindungan high alarm dan interlock systems. Presentase pengurangan risiko yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 99,99%

Exploring Qualitative and Quantitative Decoration on Amine-Modified Mesoporous Silica for Enhance Adsorption Performances

Using the triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a surfactant, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica source, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as an amine source, a group of amines-modified mesoporous silica Santa Barbara Amorph-16 (SBA-16) materials with different template withdrawal methods and amine loading concentrations were prepared through sol-gel conditions. The investigation will provide qualitative and quantitative information on amine-modified SBA-16 decoration with a brief overview of the non-destructive analysis methods for advanced materials as adsorbent candidates. Highly ordered mesostructured amine-modified SBA-16 materials were prepared using high-temperature (or calcination) and solvent extraction de-templating methods. Mesostructured amine-modified SBA-16 has been successfully examined using a Synchrotron Radiation Low-Angle X-ray Diffraction (SR-LXRD) instrument for phase identification, Small-Angle Synchrotron X-rays Scattering (SAXS) for identifying structural changes in a porous material, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) for identifying functional groups, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental analyzer for determining the number of silica, oxygen, and nitrogen elements, and a Specific Surface Area (SSA) analyzer for measuring the specific surface areas. The SR-LXRD and SAXS results demonstrated that the synthesized novel materials were defined unambiguously as a bi-continuous cubic body center Im3m mesostructured. FTIR and SEM-EDS analyses verified that the amine groups were uniformly deposited on the SBA-16 surface. The SSA analyzer results also clarified that the novel materials exhibited ordered and meso-framework amine-modified SBA-16 with a large surface area. Novel materials can be considered high-potential uranium adsorbent candidates. Preliminary adsorption investigations have shown that the amine-modified SBA-16 materials can adsorb uranium in natural seawater showing an uptake capacity of as much as 24.48 mg-U/g-adsorbent