Assessing the chelating ability of Aerva lanata: adsorption of chromium from tannery effluent and its toxicity measurement

The chelating ability of aqueous leaf extract of Aerva lanata was assessed in vitro. The aqueous leaf extract showed a dose dependent decrease in chelating ability using FeCl₂. The highest chelating ability of aqueous leaf extract was observed at 2•10⁻⁵ g/mL (100 ± 0.00). The antioxidant activity of the aqueous leaf extract ranged from 42.13% to 88.66%. At 2•10⁻⁵ g/mL concentration, a strong positive significant correlation was observed between chelating ability and total phenolics concentration (R = 0.94; P = 0.001). The chelating ability of aqueous leaf extract (2•10⁻⁵ g/mL) showed a high positive significant correlation with antioxidant activity (R = 0.78; P = 0.001). Aqueous leaf extract removed the chromium from tannery effluent by 43 mg/g. Allium cepa toxicity test was performed on tannery effluent treated with aqueous leaf extract that increased the root length of onion

Flavonoids mediated 'Green' nanomaterials: A novel nanomedicine system to treat various diseases - Current trends and future perspective

Nanomedicine utilizes biocompatible nanomaterials for therapeutic purposes to treat various diseases. Flavonoids present in the plant materials act as both reducing and electrostatic stabilizing agents for the ‘Green’ synthesis of metal nanomaterials. Further, these nanomaterials are effectively used to treat various cancer cells and pathogenic microbes. The experimental approach for flavonoids-mediated nanomaterial (FMN) synthesis is simple, rapid, cost-effective and reproducible. However, the detailed reports on synthesis, mechanism, and in vivo application of FMN are very limited in literatures. Thus, this focused review will definitely help researchers who are working on biocompatible nanomaterial synthesis and application in biomedical sector. Further, this is the first review to discuss the significance, mechanisms, and future trends of FMN. The FMN and their dual function as both nano-carrier and nano-drug in various biomedical sectors might be a hot research topic in upcoming days

Comparison of biopolymers for immobilization of laccase: Ecotoxicity assessment of azo dye

395-401Laccase from Pleurotus florida was immobilized on agarose/agar/polyacrylamide gel, glass beads and alginate beads. The laccase entrapped agarose gel exhibited 88% of immobilization yield as compared to laccase immobilization on glass bead (72%) and Ba-alginate (50%). The enzyme embodied in agarose gel showed greater storage stability at 16°C as compared to enzyme immobilized on glass beads and alginate method. Among the three substrates, viz., 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), guaiacol and syringaldazine, the laccase oxidation exerted its optimal activity on ABTS. The Vmax,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> Kcat and Km determined for ABTS were 1.650 µM min−1, 1.160 s−1 and 0.0025 mM, respectively. Among the immobilized preparations, laccase entrapped in agarose gel showed high decolorizing ability for Reactive Blue (RB) 172 (83%) within 10 min. The decolorization of RB 172 was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The ecotoxicity assessment of RB 172 decolorization was performed using Allium cepa assay. </span

Factorial design for optimization of laccase production from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Pleurotus ostreatus</i> IMI 395545 and laccase mediated synthetic dye decolorization<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> </i>

236-245In the present study, Plackett–Burman design (PBD) followed by response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the culture medium composition for laccase production from Pleurotus ostreatus IMI 395545. Influence of carbon, nitrogen (sources) and inducer were evaluated by Plackett–Burman design. The factors that induce positive effect on enzyme production were further optimized using central composite design of RSM. The multiple regression equation was used to optimize the values of carbon, nitrogen and inducer for maximum enzyme production. The optimized values were found to be 1.8 g L-1, 0.76 g L-1 and 164.95 µM for glucose, ammonium nitrate and copper sulphate, respectively. The maximum enzyme activity of 2.7 U mL-1 obtained experimentally was very close to the predicted response, 2.5 U mL-1. Furthermore, optimized laccase was used for decolorization of synthetic dyes, such as, reactive blue 172 and reactive red 22, which are routinely used in textile industries. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to confirm the decolorization of the studied dyes by laccase. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Allium cepa <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US">toxicity test was performed, which indicated that root growth inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of dye. </span

Аpplication of the laccase, produced on coconut flesh by Pleurotus Florida for dye decolorization

We investigated the ability of Pleurotus florida to produce laccase on coconut flesh as a solid substrate fermentation. The decolorization of two structurally different dyes such as azo (Reactive Blue 198) and triphenylmethane dye (Malachite Green) were analysed. The decolorization of Reactive blue 198 and Malachite Green at 8 hrs was 93% and 63% respectiely. The untreated and treated dye was characterized by UV-Vis and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy scan. FTIR analysis pointed out the involvement of alkene (C = C) and carboxylic (C – O) groups in the decolorization process. The toxicity with respect to Allium cepa root inhibition was measured to demonstrate the potential of laccase in the detoxication and bioremediation process.The Corresponding author (Principal Investigator – Project No.: BT/PR8973/GBD/27/57/2006 Dt 14/08/07) is grateful to Government of India, Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology for financial support

Evaluation of antioxidant properties of <i style="">Canthium</i><i style=""> parviflorum</i> Lam. leaves

122-126Ethanolic extract of Canthium parviflorum Lam. leaves was analyzed for their total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, metal chelating, ABTS+ [2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate] radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The extract at 500 g/ml showed maximum scavenging activity (51.60%) of ABTS radical cation followed by the iron chelation (45.12%) at the same concentration. However, the extract showed only moderate hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (6.42%). Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 12.9 mg ascorbic acid equivalents at 500 g/ml extract concentration. There was a positive correlation between the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, R2 = 0.8313, whereas the correlation between the total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity was determined to be R2 = 0.8102. The results suggest that phenolics and flavonoids in the leaves provide considerable antioxidant activity

Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Elaeocarpus ganitrus roxb. leaves

Abstract Ethanolic extract of leaves of Elaeocarpus ganitrus was analyzed for their total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, metal chelating, ABTS + (2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The extract at 500 μg/ml showed maximum Iron chelating activity (76.70%) followed by the scavenging of the ABTS + radical (55.77%) at the same concentration. However, the extract showed only moderate hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (13.43%). Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 24.18 mg ascorbic acid equivalents at 500 µg/ml extract concentration. There was a positive correlation between the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, R 2 = 0.8547, whereas the correlation between the total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity was determined to be R 2 =0.8413. The results suggest that phenolics and flavonoids in the leaves provide substantial antioxidant activity

Identification of <img src='/image/spc_char/alpha.gif'> amylase inhibitors from <i style="">Syzygium cumini </i>Linn seeds

677-680 The aqueous extract of S. cumini or Eugenia jambolana seeds and Psidium guajava leaves showed higher inhibition against the porcine pancreatic -amylase among the medicinal plants studied. The -amylase inhibitors from S.cumini seeds were separated from the extract by preparative thin layer chromatography into fractions with different Rf values. The fraction with Rf value between 0.285 and 0.43, which showed maximum inhibitory activity, was eluted and analyzed through LC-MS. The compounds identified from the seed extract of S. cumini were betulinic acid and 3,5,7,4`-tetrahydroxy flavanone, which were reported earlier from S. formosanum and other plants. Dixon plot showed that the inhibition was non-competitive in nature. </smarttagtype

Exploring the binding affinities of p300 enzyme activators CTPB and CTB using docking method

364-369CREB binding protein (CBP) and E1A binding protein p300, also known as p300 are functionally related transcriptional co-activators (CoAs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs). Some small molecules, which target HATs can activate or inhibit the p300 enzyme potently. Here, we report the binding affinities of two small molecules CTPB [N-(4-chloro- 3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-6-pentadecyl-benzamide] and CTB [N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-benzamide] with p300 using docking method to obtain the insight of their interaction with p300. These small molecules bind to the enzyme, subsequently causing a structural change in the enzyme, which is responsible for the HAT activation. CTB exhibits higher binding affinity than CTPB, and their lowest docked energies are -7.72, -1.18 kcal/mol, respectively. In CTPB molecule, phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr1397 interacts with the non-polar atoms C(5E) and C(5F), and forms polar-non polar interactions. Similar interactions have also been observed in CTB. The residues Tyr1446 and Cys1438 interact with the non-pentadecyl atoms. Further, the docking study predicts a N-HO hydrogen bonding interaction between CTB and Leu1398, in which the HO contact distance is 2.06 Å. The long pentadecyl chain of CTPB reduces the formation of hydrogen bond with the p300. The H-bond interaction could be the key factor for the better activation of CTB.</span

Anti-acne, anti-dandruff and anti-breast cancer efficacy of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract

In this present investigation, AgNPs were green synthesised using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract. The physicochemical properties of AgNPs were characterised using UV–visible spectrophotometer, field emission scanning microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM/EDX), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Further, in vitro anti-acne, anti-dandruff and anti-breast cancer efficacy of green synthesised AgNPs were assessed against Propionibacterium acnes MTCC 1951, Malassezia furfur MTCC 1374 and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line, respectively. The flavonoids present in the plant extract were responsible for the AgNPs synthesis. The green synthesised nanoparticles size was found to be ≈ 37 nm. The BET analysis result shows that the surface area of the synthesised AgNPs was found to be 33.72 m2 g− 1. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs for acne causative agent P. acnes and dandruff causative agent M. furfur was found to be at 3.1 and 25 μg mL− 1, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the AgNPs for MCF-7 cells was calculated as 30.5 μg mL− 1 and complete inhibition was observed at a concentration of 100 μg mL− 1. Finally, our results proved that green synthesised AgNPs using C. sativum have great potential in biomedical applications such as anti-acne, anti-dandruff and anti-breast cancer treatment