Rights Based Fisheries Management in Canada

The conflict between efficiency and maximization of employment colours all aspects of fisheries management in Canada, including implementation of rights based fisheries management regimes. Even though rights based systems are strongly based on considerations of efficiency, sometimes at the expense of maximization of employment, a number of such regimes have been put in place in recent years. These are generally little known and little analyzed. This paper attempts to address this gap in our knowledge by surveying such schemes. For a number of reasons outlined in the paper, rights based regimes in Canada have not usually involved transferability or divisibility of quotas. Nonetheless, efficiency gains have been made where such schemes have been implemented. These are illustrated in case studies of the Atlantic offshore groundfish fishery and the Atlantic purse seine herring fishery.fisheries management, property rights, quota values, limits on transferability of rights, rationalization of fisheries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Fast and Robust Femur Segmentation from Computed Tomography Images for Patient-Specific Hip Fracture Risk Screening

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that increases the risk of bone fracture. Hip-fracture risk screening methods based on finite element analysis depend on segmented computed tomography (CT) images; however, current femur segmentation methods require manual delineations of large data sets. Here we propose a deep neural network for fully automated, accurate, and fast segmentation of the proximal femur from CT. Evaluation on a set of 1147 proximal femurs with ground truth segmentations demonstrates that our method is apt for hip-fracture risk screening, bringing us one step closer to a clinically viable option for screening at-risk patients for hip-fracture susceptibility.Comment: This article has been accepted for publication in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, published by Taylor & Franci

Risk of failure during gait for direct skeletal attachment of a femoral prosthesis: a finite element study

Direct skeletal attachments for transfemoral amputees have been the subject of clinical trials since the early nineties. This method of attachment allows the amputee an unrestricted range of motion around the hip joint, better sitting comfort, improved sensory feedback through osseoperception, improved limb control and reduced soft tissue problems. However, the length of the rehabilitation period is perceived as a shortcoming by the amputees and the clinicians. The aim of the present study is to estimate the risk of failure during gait, for a patient with direct skeletal attachment of a femoral prosthesis, using finite element analysis (FEA). Material properties and loads were derived from subject-specific data and implant stability assumed secured by bone ingrowth into a porous implant surface. A simplified FEA was used to optimize the implant geometry with respect to load bearing capacity. The resulting geometry was then implemented in a subject-specific FE study. The results indicate that the risk of failure for the implant system is approximately three times greater than what can be expected for an intact femur. The main conclusion, based on the risk of failure factors calculated, is that it is likely that a porous-coated implant could be beneficial for osseointegrated fixation. It is also suggested that the proposed methodology can be used in future studies exploring the mechanical stability of osseointegrated fixation in the view of improving direct skeletal attachments for lower limb amputees

Moratoria versus sentinel fisheries: the case for opening the northern cod fishery

Le texte intégral de ce document de travail n'est pas disponible en ligne. Une copie papier est disponible à l'Annexe de la bibliothéque. Effectuez une recherche par titre dans le catalogue pour réserver le document. // The full text of this working paper is not available online. A print copy is available in the Library Annex. Search by title in the catalogue to request the paper

DISCUSSION: CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE ON COMPETITION

Agribusiness,

Is There Anti-competitive Behaviour in the Central Canadian Cement Industry? Testing Arbitrage Cost Hypotheses.

Allegations of anticompetitive behavior in the central Canadian cement industry have focused around the effects of cement producers' buying their downstream distributors. If indeed vertical integration is causing cement prices to rise, the relevant economic theories imply that the arbitrage cost of shipping cement to central Canada is greater than the cost of shipping cement from this region. The authors investigate this theory by econometrically estimating the relevant arbitrage costs. Their analysis supports the hypothesis that vertical integration has increased barriers to entry for cement in Toronto but it fails to support a similar hypothesis for Montreal.

Numerical modelling of temperature fluctuations of chilled and superchilled cod fillets packaged in expanded polystyrene boxes stored on pallets under dynamic temperature conditions

Temperature variations in cod fillets packaged in four levels of EPS boxes stored on pallets under thermal load were studied numerically and experimentally. In the experiment the fillet temperature along with environmental temperature were monitored at 39 positions on the pallets during 9-h dynamic temperature storage between 7 and 23 degrees C. A three-dimensional time-dependent heat transfer model was developed using the ANSYS FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The overall mean absolute error of the model was 0.3 degrees C and the maximum error obtained at a single position over the whole period was 2.4 degrees C. The model was further developed in order to simulate temperature evolution inside a fully loaded, 12-level pallet under the same dynamic temperature conditions as a four-level pallet studied before. The mean temperature after 9-h thermal load was 1.0 degrees C lower in the 12-level pallet but the maximum temperature evolution was similar in both pallets. Finally, the model was used to investigate the temperature-maintaining effect of superchilling fish before the thermal load

Numerical modelling of temperature fluctuations in superchilled fish loins packaged in expanded polystyrene and stored at dynamic temperature conditions

An appropriate thermal insulation of fresh fish packaging can substantially reduce negative effects of poor temperature management in chill chains. The aim of the current study is to experimentally and numerically investigate the performance of two types of EPS (expanded polystyrene) boxes in protecting superchilled fresh fish products subjected to temperature fluctuations, simulating conditions during transport. One EPS box type is a new improved version designed by utilising numerical heat transfer modelling for minimising the maximum product temperature during thermal load. This box weighed 11% less than the older box type. The performance of the boxes was evaluated by means of temperature monitoring and sensory evaluation. The thermal insulation of the new boxes was significantly better compared to the old boxes. According to sensory evaluation, storage in the new boxes resulted in approximately 2 days longer storage life. A satisfactory agreement between numerical results and experimental results was obtained

Numerical modelling of temperature fluctuations in superchilled fish loins packaged in expanded polystyrene and stored at dynamic temperature conditions

Thermal insulation of fresh fish packaging can substantially reduce negative effects of poor temperature management in chill chains. The aim of the current study was to experimentally and numerically investigate the performance of two different types of EPS (expanded polystyrene) boxes in protecting precooled, fresh fish products subjected to temperature fluctuations, simulating real conditions during transport. One EPS box type was a new improved version designed by utilising numerical heat transfer modelling for minimising the maximum product temperature during thermal load and turned out to weigh 11% less than the older EPS box type. The performance of the EPS boxes was evaluated by means of temperature monitoring and sensory evaluation. The thermal performance of the new EPS boxes was significantly better compared to the old boxes. According to sensory evaluation, storage in the new boxes resulted in approximately 2 days longer storage life. A satisfactory agreement between numerical results and experimental results was obtained