68Ge/68Ga radioisotope generator as a source of radiotracers for water flow investigations

Radiotracer experiments on the model of rectangular settler with a volume of 3 m3, with a consecutive application as a tracer of the aqueous phase fluoresceine (representative tracer of water), eluate from a 68Ge/68Ga radioisotope generator (0.1 N HCl solution) and chelates after Ga ions complexation with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) and 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) were carried out. The obtained residence time distribution (RTD) functions indicate that only the complex compounds of gallium are stable in the water phase and are not adsorb on the vessel walls, so they can be recommended as tracers of the water phase

Optimization of mixer-distributor parameters with the application of tracer and CFD methods

Przedstawiono komplementarne zastosowanie metod znacznikowych i CFD do opisu i optymalizacji parametrów pracy mieszacza/dystrybu-tora ścieków z różnych źródeł uśredniającego ich skład chemiczn

Stable isotope deuterium as a natural tracer of mixing processes in rivers

The possibility of application of naturally existing differences in isotope contents 18O/16O, 2H/1H in waters for investigation of transport and mixing of various waters in the tributary-river system is presented. Experiments carried out on the Bug-Narew rivers-Zegrze Lake and the BugoNarew-Vistula rivers systems have indicated that the hydrogen isotope ratio 2H/1H can be used as an intrinsic tracer of natural mixing processes occurring in rivers. The IRMS methodology was used for isotope ratio measurement of water samples. The degrees of water mixing as a function of distance from the confluence point of rivers were determined. The obtained results indicate that in water systems where the natural differences in ?2H are higher than 5‰ this technique can replace the time-consuming and expensive dye (or radiotracer) dispersion tests for evaluation of pollutant transport in rivers

Research into production of biogas from maize silage in a batch reactor with hydromixing

Przedstawiono badania fermentacji metanowej kiszonki kukurydzy z wykorzystaniem konsorcjów o różnym składzie mikroorganizmów: (1) konsorcjum mikroorganizmów wyizolowane z gnojowicy bydlęcej (GB), (2) konsorcjum mikroorganizmów wyizolowane z biogazowni rolniczej (BF). Badania prowadzono w reaktorze okresowym z hydromieszaniem. Dla identycznych warunków prowadzenia procesu uzyskano większą ilość biogazu dla konsorcjum mikroorganizmów.Research of anaerobic digestion of maize silage using consortia of different composition of microorganisms: (1) consortium of microorganisms: (1) consortium of organisms isolated from cattle manure GB) and (2) consortium of microorganisms isolated from biogas plant (BF) are presented in the paper. The study was carried out in a batch reactor with hydromixing. At the same process conditions, the higher quantity of biogas was obtained in anaerobic digestion with microorganism consortium BF

Optimization with CFD method application of biomass suspension mixing in fermentor

Jednym z podstawowych parametrów wpływających na wydajność procesu fermentacji metanowej jest intensywność i struktura mieszania zawiesiny w fermentorze. Z wykorzystaniem metod obliczeniowej mechaniki płynów wyznaczono strukturę przepływu i mieszania wymuszonego systemem zatopionych strug w prostopadłościennym fermentorze o objętości cieczy około 470 m3. Określono parametry i zasięg mieszania wzdłuż osi fermen-tora oraz mieszania pionowego wywoływanego systemem pomp cyrkulapych. Określono optymalną lokalizację napływu strug oraz ich natężenia !epływu.The intensity and structure of biomass mixing in fermentor are the one of principal parameters which determine the yield of biogas production practises. Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics method the structure of flow and suspension mixing in rectangular fermentor with liquid phase volume 470 m3 were determined. The suspension motion inside the fermentor was extorted by system of jets. The range of jets located in the axe of fermentator in bottom zone and jets caused by system of pumps which transport vertically the suspension from bottom up to liquid surface was established. The optimal flow rates values and localization of jets inputs were determined

Research of methane fermentation process using the radiotracer methods and gamma scanning technique

Określono metodami radioznacznikowymi, z wykorzystaniem trytu jako znacznika fazy ciekłej, rozkład czasu przebywania i średni czas retencji zawiesiny w bioreaktorach do produkcji biometanu. Wykorzystując technikę gamma skaningu określono objętość czynną fazy ciekłej, gazowej oraz obszar tworzenia się kożuchów.The residence time distribution and mean residence time of liquid phase in fermentor was determined using the tritium water as a radiotracer. With application of gamma scanning technique the volumes of liquid phase and foam in bioreactor were determined

Radiotracer investigations of municipal sewage treatment stations

Tracer techniques, which are well-established methods in process dynamics studies in industry, were applied to investigate the dynamics of sewage treatment process. The concept of residence time distribution (RTD) was used to investigate the efficiency of the primary clarifier, aeration tank and secondary clarifier of a sewage treatment plant. Preliminary treatment and modeling of the tracer data was performed using the software DTS Pro Ver. 4.20. A big short - circuiting (by-passing) with a large volume of stagnant zones were found in the primary and secondary clarifiers, while no stagnant zone was detected in the aeration tank