POST-WAR RECOVERY OF UKRAINE: THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES

The purpose of the paper is to set out the place of education and human resources in the future development of Ukraine, particularly in the light of the post-war difficulties in rebuilding the country and further prospects. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of PISA 2018 results, with different countries compared to Ukraine. PISA measures the ability of 15-year-old students to use their knowledge and skills in reading, mathematics and science to solve real-life problems. The results of the research showed that the Ukrainian education system has two main problems: low levels of mathematical literacy and deep inequalities in access to quality education depending on the place of residence and socio-economic status. Taking into account the PISA measurement system and the requirements of the modern economy, it is necessary to change the Ukrainian education system. Practical implications. Ukrainian teachers need to pay more attention to ensuring that students focus on the practical application of knowledge, question established opinions, engage them in open-ended tasks, make them critically analyse all the information they consume and express their opinions constructively. Value/Originality. Analysing the results of PISA and comparing them with other countries allows for a better understanding of what steps need to be taken to reform the education sector

Utilizing RxNorm to Support Practical Computing Applications: Capturing Medication History in Live Electronic Health Records

RxNorm was utilized as the basis for direct-capture of medication history data in a live EHR system deployed in a large, multi-state outpatient behavioral healthcare provider in the United States serving over 75,000 distinct patients each year across 130 clinical locations. This tool incorporated auto-complete search functionality for medications and proper dosage identification assistance. The overarching goal was to understand if and how standardized terminologies like RxNorm can be used to support practical computing applications in live EHR systems. We describe the stages of implementation, approaches used to adapt RxNorm's data structure for the intended EHR application, and the challenges faced. We evaluate the implementation using a four-factor framework addressing flexibility, speed, data integrity, and medication coverage. RxNorm proved to be functional for the intended application, given appropriate adaptations to address high-speed input/output (I/O) requirements of a live EHR and the flexibility required for data entry in multiple potential clinical scenarios. Future research around search optimization for medication entry, user profiling, and linking RxNorm to drug classification schemes holds great potential for improving the user experience and utility of medication data in EHRs.Comment: Appendix (including SQL/DDL Code) available by author request. Keywords: RxNorm; Electronic Health Record; Medication History; Interoperability; Unified Medical Language System; Search Optimizatio

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ПЕРСОНАЛА В СТРАНАХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА

The article highlights many challenges that determine and define the tendencies in the world development. The author focuses on professionalism of human resources as it plays significant role in creating public goods and stability of the planet. Comparative pedagogical research considers this problem in relation with the tendencies of professional education development, exactly one of its component which is seen as professional training of industrial personnel. Human and social assets are two social phenomena of EU that are seen as strategic resource of education and competencies. European expansion has led to changed in migration landscape of Europe. The picture of social and professional mobility at the labour market of Europe is rather contradictory. The level of mobility is increasing employing people with high education status whereas people with low qualification are not employed. The author highlights the conditions necessary to follow in order to enter the labour market. These conditions are seen as competitiveness of people should that should be based on multi-level lifelong learning; interaction between educational programs and professional qualifications that allow people to build educational transfers in non-formal and informal learning; advanced approach to the content of professional education; assessment of learning outcomes and qualifications certification. The flexible model of pedagogical education that focuses on professional development of a teacher is considered to be the leading factor of training. The paper recognizes social partnership as a tendency of personnel training. This social partnership is seen as multipartied teams between professional education and training and state bodies, public organizations and labor market aimed at consensus-building of the parties. Due to multipartied teams, the subjects of cooperation fulfill weak points and make competitive advantages by means of public and private partnership. Alternative mechanism ensures financing of professional education and training; private capital takes responsibilities that usually lie upon the governmental bodies. However it cannot operate without the state that provides legislation and infrastructure of business.Среди многих вызовов, определяющих тенденции мирового развития, профессионализм человеческих ресурсов играет особую роль в создании общественных благ и стабильности на планете. В сравнительно-педагогических исследованиях эта проблема рассматривается во взаимосвязи с тенденциями развития систем профессионального образования и обучения, в частности, одной из ее составляющих – профессиональной подготовки производственного персонала. Человеческий и социальный капитал – два общественных феномена признаны в Европейском Союзе (ЕС) стратегическим ресурсом в виде соответствующего образования и постоянно обновляемых компетенций. Расширение границ привело к радикальному изменению миграционного ландшафта Европы. В связи с этим реальная картина социально-профессиональной мобильности на европейском рынке труда крайне противоречива. Открытие «коридоров» увеличило мобильность, обеспечивая трудоустройство лиц с высоким образовательным статусом, конкуренция не позволяет людям низкой квалификации обеспечить свою занятость. Условиями «вхождения» на рынок труда являются конкурентоспособность, основанная на многоуровневости и непрерывности профессионального образования и обучения (ПОО); взаимосвязь образовательных программ и профессиональных квалификаций, позволяющая разным категориям населения строить образовательные трансферты в неформальном и информальном обучении; опережающий подход к содержанию ПОО; оценка результатов обучения и сертификация квалификаций. Ведущим фактором качества подготовки считается гибкая модель педагогического образования, ориентированная на профессиональное развитие и самосовершенствование педагога. Тенденцией развития систем подготовки персонала признана современная форма социального партнерства – многосторонние альянсы между ПОО и государственными органами, общественными организациями, субъектами рынка труда, цель которых – достижение консенсуса в удовлетворении интересов сторон. Благодаря многосторонним альянсам субъекты кооперации компенсируют слабые стороны и создают конкурентные преимущества за счет государственно-частного партнерства. Альтернативный механизм обеспечивает многоканальное финансирование ПОО, частный капитал берет на себя функции, которые в традиционных системах образования возлагаются на государственные органы, однако он не может функционировать без государства, обеспечивающего законодательную базу и инфраструктуру деятельности бизнес-структур

МНОГОСТОРОННИЕ АЛЬЯНСЫ – СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

. In the global economy of the 21st century the relations between social partners have a great variety of configurations. Their interaction is not always expressed in the search for competitive advantages. Lately there is an opposite tendency seen in the fact that the relations have become mutually beneficial. The article is devoted to the analysis of new forms of social partnership in the form of multilateral alliances between vocational education and business structures. Multilateral alliances are considered as an interdisciplinary problem in the context of modern scientific research in the field of economics, sociology, education, as a non-standard form of social relations, a civilized approach to their regulation based on a common policy, regulatory and legal support, and the parties’ interest. The main subject of scientific discussions within the framework of intersectoral cooperation is the search for mechanisms of interaction resulting in a number of common approaches which are playing a significant role in achieving consensus in upholding social and industrial interests, quality assurance of vocational education and as a result – employment, competitiveness and mobility of different categories of the population in the labour market. It was concluded that multilateral alliances in vocational education with the involvement of private capital are the current trend of its development.В глобальной экономике XXI столетия отношения между социальными партнерами имеют различные конфигурации. Их взаимодействие далеко не всегда выражается в поиске конкурентных преимуществ. В последнее время наблюдается противоположная тенденция: отношения приобретают характер взаимовыгодного сотрудничества. Статья посвящена анализу новых форм социального партнерства в виде многосторонних альянсов между профессиональным образованием и бизнес-структурами –потребителями образовательных услуг. Многосторонние альянсы рассматриваются как интердисциплинарная проблема в контексте современных научных исследований в области экономики, социологии, образования как нестандартный вид общественных отношений, цивилизованный подход к их регулированию на основе общей политики, нормативно-правового обеспечения, заинтересованности сторон. Основным предметом научных дискуссий в рамках межотраслевого сотрудничества является поиск механизмов взаимодействия, в результате чего создан ряд общих подходов, играющих значительную роль в достижении консенсуса в отстаивании социально-производственных интересов, обеспечении качества профессионального образования, и, как следствие, занятость, конкурентоспособность и мобильность различных категорий населения на рынке труда. Сделан вывод о том, что многосторонние альянсы в профессиональном образовании с привлечением частного капитала являются современной тенденцией его развития

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОГОДНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ И ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКОВ НА ЗИМОСТОЙКОСТЬ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОРТОВ ПШЕНИЦЫ ОЗИМОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОЙ СТЕПИ УКРАИНЫ

The article presents the experimental data on the influence of weather conditions and fore-crops on winter resistance of different varieties of winter wheat in northern Steppe of Ukraine. It is noted that when the land was fallow the safety index of all the plants under study was the lowest: 98 % for Zira, 96% for Zamojnist, and 97 % for Rozkishna. It’s explained by the optimal ratio of the vegetative mass and economical consumption of organic substances during the winter period. The significant influence of weather conditions and fore-crops on the growth of crops is established.В статье представлен экспериментальный материал по изучению влияния погодных условий и предшественников на зимостойкость различных сортов пшеницы озимой в условиях северной степи Украины. Отмечено, что наименьшим показатель сохранности растений и побегов у всех исследуемых сортов был при севе после черного пара: Зира – 98 %, Заможнисть – 96 %, и Розкишна – 97 %, что обьясняется оптимальным соотношением сформированной вегетативной массы и экономным расходованием пластических веществ на протяжении зимнего периода. Выявлено значительное влияние погодных условий и предшественников на развитие растений в посевах

Documentation-based clinical decision support to improve antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Background and objective Clinical guidelines discourage antibiotic prescribing for many acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially for non-antibiotic appropriate diagnoses. Electronic health record (EHR)-based clinical decision support has the potential to improve antibiotic prescribing for ARIs. Methods We randomly assigned 27 primary care clinics to receive an EHR-integrated, documentation based clinical decision support system for the care of patients with ARIs - the ARI Smart Form - or to offer usual care. The primary outcome was the antibiotic prescribing rate for ARIs in an intent-to-intervene analysis based on administrative diagnoses. Results During the intervention period, patients made 21 961 ARI visits to study clinics. Intervention clinicians used the ARI Smart Form in 6% of 11 954 ARI visits. The antibiotic prescribing rate in the intervention clinics was 39% versus 43% in the control clinics (odds ratio (OR), 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6_1.2, adjusted for clustering by clinic). For antibiotic appropriate ARI diagnoses, the antibiotic prescribing rate was 54% in the intervention clinics and 59% in the control clinics (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5_1.3). For non-antibiotic appropriate diagnoses, the antibiotic prescribing rate was 32% in the intervention clinics and 34% in the control clinics (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6_1.4). When the ARI Smart Form was used, based on diagnoses entered on the form, the antibiotic prescribing rate was 49% overall, 88% for antibiotic appropriate diagnoses and 27% for non-antibiotic appropriate diagnoses. In an as-used analysis, the ARI Smart Form was associated with a lower antibiotic prescribing rate for acute bronchitis (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3_0.8). Conclusions The ARI Smart Form neither reduced overall antibiotic prescribing nor significantly improved the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for ARIs, but it was not widely used. When used, the ARI Smart Form may improve diagnostic accuracy compared to administrative diagnoses and may reduce antibiotic prescribing for certain diagnoses

The effect of the electronic transmission of prescriptions on dispensing errors and prescription enhancements made in English community pharmacies: a naturalistic stepped wedge study

Objectives: To compare prevalence and types of dispensing errors and pharmacists’ labelling enhancements, for prescriptions transmitted electronically versus paper prescriptions. Design: Naturalistic stepped wedge study. Setting: 15 English community pharmacies. Intervention: Electronic transmission of prescriptions between prescriber and pharmacy. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of labelling errors, content errors and labelling enhancements (beneficial additions to the instructions), as identified by researchers visiting each pharmacy. Results: Overall, we identified labelling errors in 5.4% of 16 357 dispensed items, and content errors in 1.4%; enhancements were made for 13.6%. Pharmacists also edited the label for a further 21.9% of electronically transmitted items. Electronically transmitted prescriptions had a higher prevalence of labelling errors (7.4% of 3733 items) than other prescriptions (4.8% of 12 624); OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.76). There was no difference for content errors or enhancements. The increase in labelling errors was mainly accounted for by errors (mainly at one pharmacy) involving omission of the indication, where specified by the prescriber, from the label. A sensitivity analysis in which these cases (n=158) were not considered errors revealed no remaining difference between prescription types. Conclusions: We identified a higher prevalence of labelling errors for items transmitted electronically, but this was predominantly accounted for by local practice in a single pharmacy, independent of prescription type. Community pharmacists made labelling enhancements to about one in seven dispensed items, whether electronically transmitted or not. Community pharmacists, prescribers, professional bodies and software providers should work together to agree how items should be dispensed and labelled to best reap the benefits of electronically transmitted prescriptions. Community pharmacists need to ensure their computer systems are promptly updated to help reduce errors

A Global Federated Real-World Data and Analytics Platform for Research

Objective This article describes a scalable, performant, sustainable global network of electronic health record data for biomedical and clinical research. Materials and Methods TriNetX has created a technology platform characterized by a conservative security and governance model that facilitates collaboration and cooperation between industry participants, such as pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations, and academic and community-based healthcare organizations (HCOs). HCOs participate on the network in return for access to a suite of analytics capabilities, large networks of de-identified data, and more sponsored trial opportunities. Industry participants provide the financial resources to support, expand, and improve the technology platform in return for access to network data, which provides increased efficiencies in clinical trial design and deployment. Results TriNetX is a growing global network, expanding from 55 HCOs and 7 countries in 2017 to over 220 HCOs and 30 countries in 2022. Over 19 000 sponsored clinical trial opportunities have been initiated through the TriNetX network. There have been over 350 peer-reviewed scientific publications based on the network’s data. Conclusions The continued growth of the TriNetX network and its yield of clinical trial collaborations and published studies indicates that this academic-industry structure is a safe, proven, sustainable path for building and maintaining research-centric data networks

Exploring Breast Cancer Systemic Drug Therapy Patterns in Real-World Data

PURPOSE: To explore medications and their administration patterns in real-world patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using TriNetX, a federated network of deidentified, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant data from 21 health care organizations across North America. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 1, 2013, and May 31, 2022, were included. We investigated a rule-based and unsupervised learning algorithm to extract medications and their administration patterns. To group similar administration patterns, we used three features in k-means clustering: total number of administrations, median number of days between administrations, and standard deviation of the days between administrations. We explored the first three lines of therapy for patients classified into six groups on the basis of their stage at diagnosis (early as stages I-III RESULTS: In early-stage HR+/ CONCLUSION: Although there is a general agreement with the NCCN Guidelines, real-world medication data exhibit variability in the medications and their administration patterns