Análisis filogenético de los grupos de especies neotropicales del género Pimpla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae)

Las avispas parasitoides se cuentan entre los grupos de seres vivos más diversos del planeta y son insectos de gran interés económico y ecológico. La familia Ichneumonidae se destaca por ser la más rica en especies entre los parasitoides y por ser uno de los taxones de avispas más utilizado en programas de control biológico. Sin embargo, el conocimiento taxonómico de estos insectos en los trópicos aún es muy limitado. El gran número de especies tanto descritas como por describir en muchos géneros de Ichneumonidae dificulta la tarea de obtener un panorama apropiado de la riqueza del grupo, necesaria para optimizar su uso. Una manera de abordar este problema es tratar de identificar grupos o complejos de especies dentro de estos géneros, que posteriormente puedan ser revisados más a fondo de manera individual. El género Pimpla es uno de los taxones más ricos en especies dentro de Ichneumonidae y es de gran interés económico debido a que parasita las pupas de varias familias de lepidópteros plaga alrededor del mundo. Aunque se han efectuado varias revisiones parciales del género en el nuevo mundo en las que se proponen grupos o complejos de especies, ninguno de ellos cuenta con un sustento filogenético y discrepan significativamente entre sí. El presente trabajo ofrece la primera propuesta filogenética para los grupos de especies del género Pimpla. Se utilizó una matriz de 53 caracteres continuos y discretos que buscó representar de la manera más completa posible la variación morfológica del género. La matriz fue procesada utilizando el programa TNT (versión 1.1. Goloboff et al., 2008) incluyendo primero todos los caracteres (discretos y continuos) y luego utilizando solamente los caracteres discretos. En ambos casos el análisis arrojó un solo árbol filogenético. Los dos árboles presentaron una topología muy similar y con base en ellos se propone la existencia de 4 grupos de especies al interior del género Pimpla: (1) grupo de especies albomarginata, (1) grupo de especies caerulea, (3) grupo de especies punicipes, (4) grupo de especies sumichrasti.Biólogo (a)Pregrad

Calidad del llenado e interpretación del Partograma en sala de labor y parto del Hopsital Alemán Nicaragüense, en el cuarto trimestre del año 2016

Conocer la calidad del llenado e interpretación del Partograma en las pacientes del área de Labor y Parto del Hospital Alemán Nicaragüense, en el periodo de octubre a diciembre del 2016. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal donde se realizó revisión del registro de los partos atendidos en el Hospital Alemán Nicaragüense en el periodo comprendido del cuarto trimestre del 2016. Se tomó una muestra de 400 expedientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión del estudio, se revisaron expedientes clínicos y se llenó una ficha recolectora de datos, los cuales fueron introducidos en una base de datos a través del paquete estadístico Excel versión 2013 para su posterior análisis a través de tablas y gráficos en frecuencia y porcentaje. En nuestro estudio identificamos que en relación a las características socio-demográficas el mayor número de parturientas pertenecían a las edades entre 20-34 años, con nivel escolar primaria y con estado civil primordialmente en unión de hecho estable. En relación a los antecedentes obstétricos, la mayoría eran multíparas y se encontró que la mayoría de las pacientes habían acudido por lo menos a 3 o menos controles prenatales. Con respecto al promedio global del llenado del partograma encontramos que el65% obtuvieron un porcentaje de 90% de los expedientes revisados, lo cual nos hace ver que existe aún problemas en el llenado del partograma en esta unidad de salud, sin embargo la interpretación del partograma fue de un (89%), lo cual indica que en un buen porcentaje se están tomando medidas oportunas en la evolución del trabajo de parto

Hormigas de Colombia IV: nuevos registros de géneros y especies

Se registran por primera vez géneros y especies de hormigas (Formicidae) para Colombia y Suramérica, así: Prionopelta Mayr, 1866; DisGothyrea Roger, 1863; Simopelta Mann, 1922; Centromyrmex Mayr, 1866; Cerapachys Fr. Smith, 1857; Eurhopalothrix Brown and amp; Kempf, 1960; Creightonidris Brown, 1949; GlamyromyrmexWheeler, 1915; Eucryptocerus Kempf, 1961 ; Ephebomyrmex Wheeler, 1902; Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897; Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853; Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869; Erebomyrma Wheeler, 1903; Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867; Apterostigma Mayr, 1865; Myrmicocrypta Fr. Smith, 1860; Dorymyrmex Mayr, 1866; Se registran por primera vez para Suramérica los géneros Adelomyrmex y Aphaenogaster. Se relacionan nuevos registros de diezciocho géneros y noventa y siete especies para Colombia, y dos géneros y quince especies para Suramérica. La fauna de hormigas de Colombia es una de las más ricas y heterogéneas del neotrópico, con ochenta y siete géneros y casi setecientas especies.New records lor the Colombian ant fauna (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) are presented. 18 genera and 97 species are recorded lor the first time for Colombia, and 2 genera and 15 species are first records from SouthAmerica. The ant fauna of Colombia ls heterogeneous and very rich, with 87 genera and almost 700 species

The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part I: the C. chaconi species group, with the description of eleven new species

The New World Clistopyga chaconi species group is revised. Eleven species are described as new: C. amazonica sp. nov., C. cinnamoptera sp. nov., C. cuscoensis sp. nov., C. hayesiana sp. nov., C. melanoptera sp. nov., C. misionensis sp. nov., C. mocaguae sp. nov., C. orellanae sp. nov., C. porteri sp. nov., C. rondoniae sp. nov. and C. yabuquensis sp. nov. Additional morphological data are provided for the previously known species, C. caramba Castillo & Sääksjärvi and C. chaconi Gauld. An illustrated identification key to all species of the group is provided. The Clistopyga chaconi species group appears to be most diverse at the Andean and Amazonian interface in western South America.This study was partially supported by the projects “El valor de las Reservas Privadas en la conservación de la diversidad de insectos parasitoides” (Instituto Tecnológico Nacional de México, Code: 5554.15-P) and “Biodiversity and multitrophic interactions” (Kone Foundation, Finland)

Western Amazonian Ticapimpla

Ticapimpla is a small genus closely related to the New World genera Acrotaphus and Hymenoepimecis. It has been previously reported from Costa Rica and Brazil. In this paper, we describe four new species: T. amazonica from Ecuador and Peru, T. carinata from Colombia and Peru, T. matamatae from Colombia, and T. soinii from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. All have been collected in Western Amazonia, suggesting a South American origin for the genus. A key to the known species of the genus is provided

Hormigas de Colombia VI. Dos nuevas especies de Osctostruma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Basicerotini)

Two new ant species, Octostruma impressa and O. stenoscapa, are described from Colombia. O. rugiferoides is reported for the first time in the country, and an illustrated key to the 6 species in Colombia is presented.<br>Se describen dos nuevas especies de hormigas, Octostruma impressa y O. stenoscapa de Colombia. Se registra por primera vez para el país O. rugiferoides y se ofrece una clave ilustrada para las 6 especies conocidas en Colombia.<br /

Clistopyga marcapatensis Bordera & Palacio 2019, sp. nov.

Clistopyga marcapatensis Bordera & Palacio, sp. nov. (Figs 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 7 A–G) Diagnosis. Clistopyga marcapatensis sp. nov. may be distinguished from all other species of the C. eldae species group by the combination of the following characters: face with fine and moderately dense setiferous punctures (Fig. 7C); occipital carina only weakly insinuated dorsally or absent (Figs 7A, B, D, E); submetapleural carina strong and complete (Fig. 4C); hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu 1 weakly pigmented, joining cu -a + Cu 1 clearly below centre (Fig. 3C); tergite I 1.86–1.95× as long as posteriorly broad smooth and shiny, with scattered setiferous punctures (Fig. 2C); ovipositor weakly up-curved at distal 0.3–0.4 (Fig. 7F), about same length as hind tibia; ovipositor sheath about 0.78–0.8× as long as hind tibia; ventral two thirds of gena white (Fig. 7A, E). Description. Female: Body length 6.2–6.6 mm (without ovipositor). Fore wing length 4.3–4.7 mm. Head (Figs 7 A–E). In dorsal view, moderately narrowed behind eyes. Gena smooth and shiny with very sparse setiferous punctures, in dorsal view rounded, 0.23–0.25× as long as eye (Fig. 7B), in frontal view straight and strongly constricted below eyes (Fig. 7C). Frons smooth and shiny. Vertex smooth and shiny, with very isolated setiferous punctures. Posterior ocellus separated from eye 0.91–1.0× its maximum diameter. Distance between hind ocelli 0.82–0.91× the maximum diameter of posterior ocellus. Occipital carina weakly insinuated dorsally (Figs 7A,B, D) or absent. Face with fine and moderately dense setiferous punctures, distance between punctures more than three times the diameter of punctures. Clypeal suture moderately curved (Fig. 7C). Clypeus 1.71–1.80× as broad as medially long, weakly convex, dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, apical margin something bilobed. Malar space 0.43–0.44× as long as basal mandibular width, with a short granulate stripe between eye and mandible. Antenna with 29–30 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 7.60–7.83× as long as wide. Mesosoma (Figs 1C, 3C, 4C, 7 D–E). Pronotum smooth and shiny with fine sparse setiferous punctures on upper margin and hind corner. Epomia absent (Fig. 7E). Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, with very fine and sparse setiferous punctures. Notauli very weak, reaching about 0.4 of length of mesoscutum (Fig. 7D). Mesopleuron shiny, with very sparse setiferous punctures, except in posterior part under speculum. Epicnemial carina strong, its dorsal end straight, reaching a little below of centre of pronotum (Fig. 7E). Metapleuron shiny, glabrous, except for some sparse setiferous punctures at posterior part, 1.67–1.77× as long as deep. Submetapleural carina strong and complete (Fig. 4C), somewhat elevated at the anterior part. Propodeum smooth and shiny, with sparse and fine setiferous punctures laterally (Fig. 4C); in dorsal view 1.0–1.1× as long as medially wide. Propodeal spiracle at groove separating propodeum and metapleuron, groove interrupted by spiracle (Fig. 4C). Hind leg with femur 3.58–3.86× as long as deep, 0.85–0.90× as long as tibia. Fore wing with vein cu-a opposite Rs & M. Vein 2 rs-m about 0.36–0.47× as long as abscissa of M between 2 rs-m and 2 m-cu. Abscissa of Cu 1 between 1 m-cu and Cu 1 a 1.33–1.42× as long as Cu 1 b. Hind wing with vein cu-a 0.25–0.39× as long as first abscissa of Cu 1. Vein cu-a reclivous, first abscissa of Cu 1 vertical (Fig. 3C). Distal abscissa of Cu 1 well pigmented. Metasoma (Figs 1C, 2C, 7F, G). Tergite I 1.86–1.95× as long as posteriorly broad, smooth and shiny, with fine and sparse setiferous punctures laterally (Fig. 2C); spiracle near its basal 0.4; lateromedian longitudinal carinae strong, reaching about 0.25 of length of tergite; lateral longitudinal carinae strong, almost reaching spiracle. Sternite I extending back about 0.8 of length of tergite (Fig. 7F). Tergite II 1.08–1.19× as long as posteriorly broad, central region shiny, with fine and moderately dense punctures (Fig. 2C); rest of tergites shiny, progressively more densely and strongly punctate (Fig 7G). Ovipositor slender, matt, slightly upcurved at distal 0.4 (Fig. 7F), same length as hind tibia. Ovipositor sheath about 0.8× as long as hind tibia, length of setae on average 1.5–1.6× the sheath basal width. Colouration (Fig. 1C, 7 A–G). Head black with clypeus, face, frontal and vertical orbits, mouth parts except apex of mandibles, malar space and ventral two/third of gena, white; antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown dorsally, widely white at ventral side, flagellomeres brown, basal flagellomeres whitish on the ventral side. Mesosoma mostly yellow, darker dorsally; propleuron, tegula, subalar prominence, anterior part of pronotum, ventral part of mesopleuron and posterior part of metapleuron, whitish; scutellum and postscutellum yellow; posterior rim of propodeum black. Metasoma mostly dark brown, anterolateral marks of tergites II, anterior part of tergites III–VI extending back laterally, and posterior rim of tergites I–VIII, whitish. Legs predominantly white; fore leg with femur tibia and tarsi yellow; mid leg with base of trochanter, dorsal narrow stripe on femur and dorsal basal and distal part of tibia brown, tarsi infuscate; hind leg with anterior wide mark on coxa, anterior and posterior basal marks on trochanter, basal part, dorsal stripe and anterior longitudinal wide stripe on femur, tibia except mid part, and distal part of tarsi, brown. Wings hyaline, pterostigma dark brown. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Ovipositor reddish. Male: unknown. Etymology. The specific name refers to Marcapata district (Cusco, Perú), area where the type material was collected. Type material. Holotype. Perú: 1 &female;, Quincemil, 750, nr. Marcapata, 20-30 Oct. 1962, Luis Peña, (AEIC). Paratypes. Perú: 1 &female;, Avispas, 30 m, nr. Marcapata, Sept. 1962, Luis Peña (AEIC); 1 &female;, same locality, 1-15 Oct. 1962, Luis Peña (AEIC). Distribution. Peru.Published as part of Bordera, Santiago & Palacio, Edgard, 2019, The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part IV: the C. eldae species group, with the description of three new species, pp. 327-346 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on pages 337-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/258909

Clistopyga catarina Bordera & Palacio 2019, sp. nov.

Clistopyga catarina Bordera & Palacio, sp. nov. (Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5 A–F, 9A, 10A, 10C, 10E, 11A–E) Diagnosis. Clistopyga catarina sp. nov. may be distinguished from all other species of the C. eldae species group by the combination of the following characters: hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu 1 strong and pigmented, joining cu -a + Cu 1 at centre (Fig. 3B); tergite I and II smooth and shiny, with scattered setiferous punctures (Fig. 2B). Female with ovipositor bent up at distal 0.5 (Fig. 5E), 1.25–1.28× as long as hind tibia; ovipositor sheath 1.0– 1.11× as long as hind tibia. Male with lower part of gena deeply concave, hypostomal carina conspicuously developed as a translucent sheet (Fig. 10A). Description. Female: Body length 8.6–9.3 (without ovipositor). Fore wing length 6.2–6.6 mm. Head (Figs 5 A–D). In dorsal view, moderately narrowed behind eyes. Gena smooth and shiny with uniformly sparse setiferous punctures, in dorsal view straight 0.27–0.3× as long as eye (Fig. 5C), in frontal view straight and strongly constricted below eyes (Fig. 5B). Frons smooth and shiny. Vertex smooth and shiny, with very isolated setiferous punctures. Posterior ocellus separated from eye 0.8–0.9× its maximum diameter. Distance between hind ocelli 0.6–0.73× maximum diameter of posterior ocellus. Occipital carina complete (Fig. 5A) Face with fine and dense setiferous punctures, distance between punctures more than three times the diameter of punctures. Clypeal suture slightly curved (Fig. 5B). Clypeus 1.73–2.2× as broad as medially long, weakly convex, with apical margin straight. Malar space 0.37–0.45× as long as basal mandibular width, with a weakly wide granulate stripe between eye and mandible. Antenna with 31 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 8.3–8.8× as long as wide. Mesosoma (Figs 3B, 4B, 5C, D). Pronotum smooth and shiny. Epomia absent (Fig. 5D). Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, with very fine and moderately dense setiferous punctures (Fig. 5C). Notauli weak, reaching about 0.5 of length of mesoscutum. Mesopleuron shiny, with moderately sparse setiferous punctures, except in posterior part under speculum. Epicnemial carina weak, its dorsal end straight, reaching level of centre of pronotum. Metapleuron shiny, glabrous, except for some sparse setiferous punctures at posterior part, 1.9–2.1× as long as deep. Submetapleural carina strong and complete (Fig. 4B). Propodeum smooth and shiny, with sparse and fine setiferous punctures laterally, in dorsal view 1.0–1.16× as long as medially wide. Propodeal spiracle at groove separating propodeum and metapleuron, groove interrupted by spiracle. Hind leg with femur 4.3–4.6× as long as deep, 0.85–0.91× as long as tibia. Fore wing with vein cu-a opposite Rs & M. Vein 2 rs-m 0.6–0.95× as long as abscissa of M between 2 rs-m and 2 m-cu. Abscissa of Cu 1 between 1 m-cu and Cu 1 a 0.85–1.15× as long as Cu 1 b. Hind wing with vein cu-a 0.95–1.0× as long as abscissa of Cu 1 between M and cu-a. Vein cu-a reclivous, first abscissa of Cu 1 vertical. Distal abscissa of Cu 1 well pigmented (Fig. 3B). Metasoma (Figs 2B, 5 E–F). Tergite I 1.64–1.76× as long as posteriorly broad, smooth and shiny, with fine and relatively dense setiferous punctures laterally (Fig. 2B); spiracle near its basal 0.35; lateromedian longitudinal carinae strong, reaching about 0.2 of length of tergite; lateral longitudinal carinae weak, reaching about 0.2 of length of tergite. Sternite I extending back about 0.75 of length of tergite (Fig. 5E). Tergite II 1.00–1.18× as long as posteriorly broad, central region shiny, with fine and sparse setiferous punctures (Figs 2B, 5F); rest of tergites shiny, progressively more densely and strongly punctate. Ovipositor slender, matt, bent up at distal half (Fig. 5E), 1.25–1.28× as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor sheath 1.03–1.11× as long as hind tibia, length of setae on average 1.8– 2.4× the sheath basal width. Colouration (Figs 1B, 5 A–F). Head black with clypeus, face, frontal and vertical orbits, mouth parts except apex of mandibles, malar space and ventral part of gena, white; antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown dorsally, widely white at ventral side, flagellomeres brown, basal flagellomeres whitish on the ventral side. Mesosoma mostly orange, propleuron and postscutellum, white; posterolateral corners of propodeum and posterior part of metapleuron and posterior lower part of mesopleuron sometimes paler; metapleuron with a wide dark brown mark; posterior dorsal part of propodeum brown, posterior rim of propodeum black. Metasoma mostly dark brown, anterolateral marks of tergites I–VI, somewhat extending back, anterior narrow band of tergites III–VI and posterior rim of tergites II–VII, whitish. Legs predominantly white; mid leg with anterior and posterior basal marks on trochanter, dorsal narrow stripe on femur and dorsal basal and distal part of tibia, brown, tarsi infuscate; hind leg with anterior wide mark on coxa, anterior and posterior basal marks on trochanter, basal part, dorsal stripe and anterior subapical marks on femur, tibia except mid part, and all tarsi, brown. Wings hyaline, pterostigma dark brown. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Ovipositor reddish. Male: Body length about 9 mm. Fore wing length about 5 mm. Head (Figs 10A, 11 A–B). In dorsal view, moderately narrowed behind eyes. Gena in dorsal view slightly rounded (Fig. 11A), lower part deeply concave, hypostomal carina conspicuously developed as a translucent sheet (Fig. 10a, arrow). Occipital carina present except at concavity. Posterior ocellus separated from eye about 0.77× its maximum diameter. Distance between hind ocelli about 0.7× maximum diameter of posterior ocellus. Clypeus about 1.71× as broad as medially long (Fig. 11B). Malar space about 0.5× as long as basal mandibular width. Antenna with 29 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 7.14× as long as wide. Mesosoma (Figs 11C, D). Mesopleuron shiny, with very sparse setiferous punctures, except in posterior part under speculum (Fig. 11C). Epicnemial carina weak, its dorsal end straight, reaching bellow centre of pronotum. Metapleuron 1.8× as long as deep (Fig. 11D). Groove separating propodeum and metapleuron partially interrupted by spiracle. Hind leg with femur 4.25× as long as deep. Abscissa of Cu 1 between 1 m-cu and Cu 1 a 0.8× as long as Cu 1 b. Hind wing with vein cu-a about 1.06× as long as first abscissa of Cu 1 (Fig. 10C). Metasoma (Fig 10E, 11E). Tergite I 2.0× as long as posteriorly broad, spiracle near its basal 0.4, lateromedian longitudinal carinae and lateral longitudinal carinae strong. Sternite I extending back about 0.7 of length of tergite. Tergite II 1.4× as long as posteriorly broad, central region with relatively strong and moderately dense punctures (Fig. 10E). Colouration (Fig. 9A, 11 C–E). As in female except the following characters: propleuron, lower part of mesopleuron, metapleuron except the wide brown mark and lateral parts of propodeum, yellowish; dorsal propodeum infuscate. Other features as in female. Etymology. The specific name refers to the Santa Catarina, state of Brazil, place where the most part of type material was collected. Type material. Holotype. Brazil: 1 &female;, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'B 52°23'L, Fritz Plaumann (NHMUK). Paratypes. Argentina: 1 &female;, Misiones, Cataratas de Iguazú, 5-9-XI-1970, C. Porter-L. Stange (FSCA); 1 &female;, same locality, 6-XI-1970, C. Porter (CEUA). Brazil: 1 &female;, Teresópolis, 14-III-1966, H & M. Townes (AEIC); 1 &female;, Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Dec. 1967, Fritz Plaumann (AEIC); 2 &female;&female;, 1 &male;, same locality and collector, Jan. 1968 (AEIC); 1 &female;, same locality and collector, 22-III-1968 (AEIC). Paraguay: 1 &female;, Canindeyu, Res. Nat. Bos. Mbaracayú, Carapa, 3- VIII-1 996, B. R. Garcete & I. D. Gauld (NHMUK). Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.Published as part of Bordera, Santiago & Palacio, Edgard, 2019, The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part IV: the C. eldae species group, with the description of three new species, pp. 327-346 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on pages 329-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/258909

Clistopyga eldae Gauld 1991

The Clistopyga eldae species-group Diagnosis. Female of this species group may easily be distinguished from other Clistopyga species groups by malar space very short 0.1–0.45× as long as basal mandibular width, sternite I very long, extending back more than 0.75× length of tergite, and ovipositor relatively short, 1.0–1.28× as long as hind tibia (Figs 1 A–D), ovipositor sheath 0.78–1.11× as long as hind tibia, without denticles at basal ventral margin. Additional characters are as follow: clypeus slightly convex in dorsal half, flat or concave in ventral half, with apical margin straight to weakly bilobed; gena in anterior view straight or almost straight and moderately to strongly constricted below eyes (Figs 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B); occipital carina from complete to inconspicuous; occiput in dorsal view slightly concave; antenna with 27–31 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 7.17–10.0× as long as wide; epomia absent or as a weak short tubercle; metapleuron 1.67–2.1× as long as deep; propodeum 1.0–1.2× as long as medially wide in dorsal view; groove separating propodeum and metapleuron interrupted by spiracle; submetapleural carina only present at anterior part of metapleuron (Fig. 4D) or complete (Figs 4 A–C); hind leg with femur 3.58–4.74× as long as deep and 0.85–0.91× as long as tibia; ovipositor weakly bent up or up-curved at apical 0.3–0.5, not denticulate in basal 0.35, surface matt. Males are characterized by sternite I extending back more than 0.75 of length of tergite I (Figs 11D, 12D).Published as part of Bordera, Santiago & Palacio, Edgard, 2019, The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part IV: the C. eldae species group, with the description of three new species, pp. 327-346 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/258909

The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part IV: the C. eldae species group, with the description of three new species

The Neotropical Clistopyga eldae species-group is revised. Three species, C. catarina, C. marcapatensis and C. polita, are described as new. The species C. eldae Gauld, 1991 is redescribed, and an illustrated identification key to all species of the group is provided.A grant from the University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain (Programa Propi del Vicerectorat d'Investigació, Desenvolupament i Innovació per al Foment de la I+D+I, ACIE18-01), provided support to Santiago Bordera to visit the NHMUK (London, UK)