Polarization and third-order Hall effect in III-V semiconductor heterojunctions

We study Berry connection polarizability (BCP) induced electric polarization and third-order Hall (TOH) effect in a two-dimensional electron/hole gas (2DEG/2DHG) with Rashba-Dresselhaus (RD) spin-orbit couplings in III-V semiconductor heterostructures. The electric polarization decreases with the increase of the Fermi energy and is responsive to the electric field orientation in the presence of RD spin-orbit couplings for both systems. We determine the BCP-induced TOH conductivity ($\chi_{\perp}^{\text{I}}$) along with the TOH conductivity associated with the band velocity ($\chi_{\perp}^{\text{II}}$). We find that the presence of an infinitesimal amount of Dresselhaus coupling in addition to the dominant Rashba coupling results in finite TOH responses. These conductivities vanish when the field is aligned with and/or orthogonal to the symmetry lines $k_x\pm k_y=0$ in both systems. For typical system parameters in a 2DEG with $k$-linear RD interactions, the magnitude of $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{I}}$ is smaller than that of $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{II}}$. On the other hand, when both the SO couplings are comparable, $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{I}}$ shows a notable increase in magnitude, owing to the distinctive characteristics of BCP. The TOH conductivity of 2DEG remains unchanged when Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings are exchanged. For 2DHG with $k$-cubic RD interactions, $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{I},h}$ exhibits a larger magnitude compared to $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{II},h}$. Unlike the electron case, the BCP induced $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{I},h}$ alters under the exchange of spin-orbit coupling parameters, whereas $\chi_{\perp}^{\text{II},h}$ remains the same

Pharmacists Impact on Promoting the Public Health

Because they can guarantee that patients receive safe and effective medications, pharmacists are essential members of the healthcare team. In an effort to maximize patient results, they work in tandem with other medical specialists to evaluate pharmacological therapy, dispense medication, counsel patients on drug interactions and side effects, and monitor medication schedules. Pharmacists also give patients advice on managing illnesses, changing lifestyles, and adhering to medication regimens. The range of work that pharmacists do has expanded with the emergence of numerous global health issues. Safe and efficient drug usage by community and clinical pharmacists is necessary to provide the best possible patient outcomes. The public is still ignorant about the pharmacist\u27s contribution to national and international health, nevertheless. They also perform drug use assessments, act as drug information specialists, and offer advice on the proper choice and dosage of medications. Pharmacists play a critical role in healthcare organizations as they strive to reduce prescription errors, enhance patient safety, and manage costs. The pharmacist can improve public health in a beneficial way. Thus far, the rise in the importance of pharmacists has been more influenced by the expansion of patient services than by a population-based approach to health. Pharmacists may find that integrating the five public health core competencies—social and behavioral science, health policy and administration, epidemiology, biostatistics, and environmental health sciences—into their pharmacy practice increases their efficacy and influence

Nonlinear magnetotransport in a two-dimensional system with merging Dirac points

We study the linear, second-order nonlinear (NL) current and voltage responses of a two-dimensional gapped semi-Dirac system with merging Dirac nodes along the $x$ direction under the influence of a weak magnetic field ($B$), using the semiclassical Boltzmann formalism. We investigate the effect of band geometric quantities like Berry curvature and orbital magnetic moment in the responses up to linear order in $B$. We derive exact analytical expressions of the linear magnetoconductivities, second-harmonic NL anomalous Hall (NAH), and anomalous velocity and Lorentz force induced (NAL) conductivities, unveiling their dependence on Fermi energy and a gap parameter $\delta_0$. For $\delta_0 > 0$, the Fermi surface topology changes at a particular Fermi energy, which is reflected in the nature of conductivities through a kink. The ratio of NAL and NAH conductivities is found to be independent of $\delta_0$ and inversely related to Fermi energy. The NL dc current exhibits distinct orientations depending on the Fermi energy, magnetic field, polarization of the electromagnetic wave. In the presence of magnetic field, the NL dc current vector can be rotated through large angles on variation of Fermi energy. For high Fermi energies, the NL dc current is directed nearly along the $y$-axis for $x$-polarized and low-frequency circularly polarized light, whereas it aligns close to $x$-axis for high-frequency circularly polarized light. These orientations of the NL dc current are predominantly governed by the mirror symmetry of the system along the $x$ direction. Additionally, we also study the NL voltage responses of the system by applying current along the $x$ and $y$ directions. The system exhibits asymmetry in the $B$-dependencies of the NL resistivities, which may serve as an experimentally relevant signature for band geometric quantities and merging Dirac nodes in such systems

Syntheses and solid state structures of zinc (II) complexes with Bi-dentate N-(Aryl)imino-acenapthenone (Ar-BIAO) ligands

We have synthesized five zinc complexes of molecular formulae [ZnCl 2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl- BIAO)] 2 ( 1a ), [ZnBr 2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl-BIAO)] 2 ( 1b ), [ZnI 2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl-BIAO)] 2 ( 1c ), [ZnBr 2 (mes- BIAO)] 2 ( 2b) and [ZnBr 2 (dipp-BIAO)] ( 3b) with rigid unsymmetrical imi noacenaphthenone ligands, (2,6- dimethylphenyl-BIAO) ( 1 ), (mesityl-BIAO) ( 2 ) and (2,6-diisopropylphenyl-BIAO) ( 3 ).Thezinccomplex 1a was prepared by the reaction of ZnCl 2 and neutral (mesityl-BIAO) ( 1 ). However, complexes 1b , 2b and 3b were obtained by the treatment of ZnBr 2 and neutral ligands 1 – 3 respectively in 1:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane at ambient temperature. In a similar reaction of ZnI 2 with (2,6-dimethylphenyl-BIAO) ( 1 ) in dichloromethane the corresponding iodo-complex 1c was obtained in good yield. All the zinc (II) complexes are characterized by FT-IR, 1 Hand 13 C{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solid state structures of the complexes 1a , 1b , 1c , 2b and 3b are confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecular structures of com- plexes 1a , 1b , 1c and 2b reveal the dimeric nature of the complexes and subsequently the centre atom zinc is penta-coordinated to adopt distorted trigonal bipyr amidal geometry around it. In contrast, the complex 3b is in monomeric in nature due to bulkier size of the ligand and zinc ion is tetra coordinated to adopt distorted tetrahedral geometry

Synthesis and Structures of Dimeric Zinc Complexes Supported by Unsymmetrical Rigid Bidentate Imino- acenapthenone Ligand

We report two zinc complexes of molecular formulae [ZnCl 2 (Mes - BIAO)] 2 ( 3 ) and [ZnCl 2 (Dipp - BIAO)] 2 ( 4 ) ( Mes = Mesityl, Dipp = 2,6 - diisopropylphenyl) of rigid unsymmetrical bidentate iminoacenapthenone ligands (Mes - BIAO) ( 1 ) and Dipp - BIAO) ( 2 ). The zinc complexes 3 and 4 can be achieved by the reaction of ZnCl 2 and neutral [ N - (mesityl) - iminoacenapthenone] ( 1 ) and [ N - (2,6 - diisopropylphenyl) - iminoacenapthenone] ligand ( 2 ) respectively in dichloromethane at ambient temperature. The solid state structures of the complexes 3 and 4 were established by single crystal X – ray diffraction analysis. In the solid state structures, bo th the complexes are dimeric in nature. In complexes 3 and 4 , each of the zinc coordination polyhedron is formed by the ligation of imine nitrogen, carbonyl oxygen atoms of the ligand 1 and 2 respectively along with three chlorine atoms. Out these three ch lorine atoms, two are 2 bridged with adjacent zinc atom to form the dimer. Thus overall zinc atom is penta - coordinated and the geometry can be best described as a distorted trigonal bipyramidal or a distorted square pyramidal

Treatment of Subject Descriptors on Children in Twenty Three DDC Editions

The study explores the treatment of subject descriptors on children and its correlated subjects in the 23 DDC editions by adopting an assessment and evaluation study. Authors found that the Home and family management (640) class holds the maximum subject descriptors on children

Juveniles in Dewey Decimal Classification

This paper explores the subject juvenile based on subject descriptors in DDC editions. The objectives was to assess the evolution of the subject in DDC. Qualitative assessment of the subject descriptors is made to exhibit the edition wise treatment. Law class holds the maximum number of subject descriptors on juveniles. Edition 21st to 23rd have the maximum share of concepts on juvenile. Standing room concepts which have been providing shelter to the subjects with future prospects are expressed through Example notes and including notes. These subject descriptors’ relation with other disciplines as reflected in See and See also references hint at the cross disciplinary nature of subjects

Albuminuria and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS, report 12)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The concordance of microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been well reported in persons with type 1 diabetes; however, for type 2 diabetes, there is paucity of data especially from population-based studies. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of albuminuria (micro - and macroalbuminuria) among persons with type 2 diabetes and determine its role as a risk factor for presence and severity of DR.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A population-based cross sectional study was conducted in cohort of 1414 subjects with type 2 diabetes from Chennai metropolis. All the subjects underwent comprehensive eye examination including 45 degrees four-field stereoscopic digital photography. DR was clinically graded using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scales. A morning urine sample was tested for albuminuria. Subjects were considered to have microalbuminuria, if the urinary albumin excretion was between 30 and 300 mg/24 hours, and macroalbuminuria at more than 300 mg/24 hours. The statistical software used was SPSS for Windows, Chicago, IL. Student t-test for comparing continuous variables, and <it>χ</it>²test, to compare proportions amongst groups were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of microalbuminuria in the study subjects was 15.9% (226/1414), and that of macroalbuminuria, 2.7% (38/1414). Individuals with macroalbuminuria in comparison to micro- or normoalbuminuria showed a greater prevalence of DR (60.5% vs. 31.0% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.001), and also a greater severity of the disease (60.9% vs. 21.4 vs. 9.9, p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Every 6^thindividual in the population of type 2 diabetes is likely to have albuminuria. Subjects with microalbuminuria were around 2 times as likely to have DR as those without microalbuminuria, and this risk became almost 6 times in the presence of macroalbuminuria.</p

Откриване и коригиране на повтарящи се ограничени пакетни грешки в подблокове

In this paper, we present bounds on check symbols required for the codes capable to detect as well as correct the restricted bursts errors that are repeating themselves in a single sub-block. For these codes the whole code length is considered to be subdivided into a certain number of mutually exclusive sub-blocks of equal length