Проектирование релейной защиты линии электропередачи 220 кВ подстанции Новокузнецкая - подстанции Новокузнецкий алюминиевый завод-2-2 Кузбасской электроэнергетической системы

Цель работы: Проектирования релейной защиты линии 220 кВ ПС "Новокузнецкая" – ПС "НКАЗ".В процессе работы проведены расчеты уставок срабатывания релейной защиты и определение ее чувствительности к различного рода коротким замыканиям.Objective: Design of relay protection of the 220 kV line of Novokuznetskaya SS - NKAZ SS. In the process of work, the settings of the operation of the relay protection are calculated and its sensitivity to various short-circuits is determined

A conserved motif flags acyl carrier proteins for β-branching in polyketide synthesis

Type I PKSs often utilise programmed β-branching, via enzymes of an “HMG-CoA synthase (HCS) cassette”, to incorporate various side chains at the second carbon from the terminal carboxylic acid of growing polyketide backbones. We identified a strong sequence motif in Acyl Carrier Proteins (ACPs) where β-branching is known. Substituting ACPs confirmed a correlation of ACP type with β-branching specificity. While these ACPs often occur in tandem, NMR analysis of tandem β-branching ACPs indicated no ACP-ACP synergistic effects and revealed that the conserved sequence motif forms an internal core rather than an exposed patch. Modelling and mutagenesis identified ACP Helix III as a probable anchor point of the ACP-HCS complex whose position is determined by the core. Mutating the core affects ACP functionality while ACP-HCS interface substitutions modulate system specificity. Our method for predicting β-carbon branching expands the potential for engineering novel polyketides and lays a basis for determining specificity rules