Pirmą psichozę išgyvenusiųjų artimieji: situacijos sunkumo įvertinimo ir psichologinės kančios ryšys laikui bėgant

The aim of the study was to assess relationships bet­ween the assessment of the situation’s difficulty and psychological distress over time by the relatives of the first episode psychosis patients.The sample of the study comprised 30 relatives (parents 63%, siblings 26%, and partners 10%) of the first episode psychosis patients. Participants of the study were interviewed during the first 10 days after the patient’s admission to the hospital, and then 3 months and 9 months after the first interview. Criteria of the participation in the study: an adult family member of a first-time hospitalized patient; the patient’s diagnosis – psychotic disorder (F20 or F30 with psychosis, ICD-10); a patient no older than 40. The study proceeded at psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius. Relatives: age M = 42.3, SD = 13.24); gender: men 37%, women 63%. Patients: age M = 24.07, SD = 4.87, gender: men 70%, women 30%. The following variables were investigated: demo­graphics, assessment of the situation’s difficulty (perceived psychological trauma subscale (Lewis, 2005)), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983)). Data were analyzed by the repeated Anova and testing by the cross-lagged panel design model.The results showed that the relatives’ assessment of the situation’s difficulty and distress improved significantly during the first three months. The prognostic value of distress and the assessment of the situation’s difficulty at Time 1 were different: assessment of the situation’s difficulty overtime was predicted by assessment at Time 1, but the distress overtime was not predicted by the distress at Time 1. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that dis­tress over-time was predicted by the assessment of the situation’s difficulty at Time 1. The results of this study suggest that professionals working with families should pay more attention to diminishing relatives’ negative assessment of the situation from the beginning, because it predicts significantly the later distress.Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti situacijos sunkumo įvertinimo ir psichologinės kančios ryšį laikui bėgant. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad pirmą psichozę išgyvenusių pacientų artimųjų situacijos sunkumo įvertinimas ir psichologinė kančia reikšmingai pasikeičia jau po trijų mėnesių. Pirmą kartą psichoze sergančių pacientų artimųjų pradinio situacijos sunkumo įvertinimas prognostiškai reikšmingas tolesniam situacijos sunkumo įvertinimui, o psichologinės kančios iš jos pradinio įvertinimo prognozuoti negalime. Iš pradinio situacijos sunkumo įvertinimo galime prognozuoti vėlesnę psichologinę kančią

Lietuvos gyventojų reprezentatyvios imties psichologinės gerovės struktūra

Some studies focusing on well-being were unable to distinguish two – hedonic and eudaimonic – components of well-being (Vitterso et al., 2010; Kashdan et al., 2008; Šarakauskienė, 2012). Previous comparatively smaller sample researches, conducted by the authors of this article, also yielded a single psychological well-being phenomenon (Bagdonas et al., 2012; 2013). Although a slightly different structure was established, studies could not isolate two traditional – hedonic and eudaimonic – components. The aim of this study was to verify the structure of psychological well-being in a representative Lithuanian sample using the original Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale.Methods. 1202 Lithuanian citizens aged 16–89 were enrolled in the research (M = 45.5 years, SD = 18.7 years). The study sample was representative of the Lithuanian population aged from 16 to 89 years according to gender, age, educational level, nationality, type of settlement, and region. The Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale, which consists of seven subscales (optimism / control, satisfaction with living standards, negative affectivity, satisfaction with relatives, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, satisfaction with physical health, satisfaction with work) was used in this study. Two items that depict satisfaction with living in Lithuania were not included in the factor analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using the SPSS 20 and structural equation modelling AMOS software.Results. The data obtained from the Lithuanian representative sample supports the same factor structure of the Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale (χ2 = 4851.0; df = 1487; p < 0.0001; RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.9; TLI = 0.889) that was established by previous studies. The scale consists of optimism / control, satisfaction with living standards, negative affectivity, satisfaction with relatives, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, satisfaction with physical health, and satisfaction with work subscales. All the mentioned subscales have a high internal consistency (Cronbach α is no less than 0.8).The testing of the second-order factor models has shown that psychological well-being is a coherent and unanimous phenomenon; even when two second-order factors representing the hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being are omitted in the model, the correlation between those two is very high (>0.8). The obtained results do not support the idea that the construct of well-being consists of two different foci; it seems like there is no hedonic or eudaimonic well-being, but just a person’s psychological well-being.Straipsnyje pristatomos 16–89 metų Lietuvos gyventojų reprezentatyvios imties asmens psichologinės gerovės struktūros paieškos, naudojant Lietuviškąją psichologinės gerovės skalę (LPGS). Atlikus patvirtinamąją faktorių analizę išryškėjo vieno faktoriaus psichologinės gerovės modelis, apimantis abu gerovės aspektus – hedoninį ir eudaimoninį. Išskirti septyni gerovės komponentai: optimizmas / kontrolė; pasitenkinimas pragyvenimo lygiu; negatyvus emocingumas; pasitenkinimas šeima ir artimaisiais; pasitenkinimas tarpasmeniniais santykiais; pasitenkinimas fizine sveikata; pasitenkinimas darbu. Du teiginiai, matuojantys pasitenkinimą gyvenimu Lietuvoje, į faktorių analizę nebuvo įtraukti. Skalei ir subskalėms būdingas labai geras vidinis suderintumas

LIETUVIŠKOSIOS PSICHOLOGINĖS GEROVĖS SKALĖS STRUKTŪRA: SUAUGUSIŲJŲ IMTIES ANALIZĖ

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti platesnio amžiaus suaugusiųjų imties PG struktūrą, taikant Lietuviškąją psichologinės gerovės skalę (LPGS). Tyrime dalyvavo 528 18–67 metų (M=29,5; SD=11,1) asmenys, iš jų 224 (42,4%) vyrai, 303 (57,4%) – moterys, vienas tyrimo dalyvis (0,2%) lyties nenurodė. Naudota originali Lietuviškoji psichologinės gerovės skalė (LPGS): pirminiame tyrimo etape – skalė iš 132 teiginių, iš jų 117 skirti gerovei įvertinti. Vėlesniuose analizės etapuose buvo pašalinta dalis teiginių, galutinėje Lietuviškosios psichologinės gerovės skalės analizėje naudotas 61 teiginys. Atlikta faktorių analizė, patikrintas skalės vidinis suderinamumas, apskaičiuoti vidurkiai ir standartiniai nuokrypiai, koreliacijos tarp subskalių. Analizės metu nustatyta septynių faktorių struktūra. Išskirtieji faktoriai: Optimizmas / kontrolė; Pasitenkinimas pragyvenimo lygiu; Negatyvus emocingumas; Pasitenkinimas šeima ir artimaisiais; Pasitenkinimas tarpasmeniniais santykiais; Pasitenkinimas fizine sveikata; Pasitenkinimas darbu. Dar du teiginiai, susiję su pasitenkinimu gyvenimu Lietuvoje, į faktorių analizę nebuvo įtraukti, juos siūloma analizuoti atskirai. Išskirtos subskalės pasižymėjo priimtinomis Cronbach alpha reikšmėmis (0,792 – 0,892). Visos subskalės tarpusavyje siejosi teigiamai, tai vienas iš argumentų, patvirtinantis subskalių validumą. Nustatytoji septynių faktorių struktūra buvo panaši į gautąją ankstesnio tyrimo metu studentų imtyje.Aim – to analyse the structure of the Lithuanian Psychological Well-Being Scale (LPGS) in adults’ sample. Material and methods. 528 subjects from 18 till 67 (M=29,5; SD=11,1) years old participated in the study. 224 of them (42,4%) were males, 303 (57,%) – females. One participant (0,2%) did not indicated his / her gender. The Lithuanian Psychological Well-Being Scale (LPGS) was used. In the preliminary stage of the study scale consisted of 132 items from wich 117 of them were aimed to assess the psychological well-being. In the later stages of analysis part of the items were removed. In the final stage of analysis 61 item was used. Methods of statistical analysis: factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, correlational analysis, descriptive statistics. Results. The structure of seven factors was obtained during the analysis. Factors: Optimism / control; Satisfaction with living standard; Negative emotionality; Satisfaction with family and relatives; Satisfaction with interpersonal relationships; Satisfaction with physical health; and Satisfaction with job. Two items, related to subscale Satisfaction with living in Lithuania, were not included into factor analysis. They can be analysed separately. The subscales had satisfactory level of Cronbach's alpha (0,792 – 0,892). All subscales had positive inter-correlations. The direction and strength of the correlations confirmed the validity of the LPGS. The obtained factor structure was similar to the one obtained in the student’s sample