Dissemination and teaching of astronomy and physics through informal approaches.

A Astronomia ? uma das mais antigas ci?ncias naturais, tendo sido desenvolvida por diferentes civiliza??es e com distintos prop?sitos nos ?ltimos mil?nios. No Brasil, v?rios t?picos astron?micos permeiam a educa??o b?sica, tanto em n?vel fundamental quanto m?dio. Somado a isso, nas ?ltimas d?cadas vem crescendo o n?mero de pesquisas e o interesse pela divulga??o cient?fica e pelo ensino em espa?os n?o-formais de educa??o. As atividades educacionais e a divulga??o cient?fica nesse contexto, se bem exploradas, podem contribuir para a socializa??o e a populariza??o de conhecimentos sobre Astronomia. Al?m disso, podem servir de suporte ? forma??o de professores e alunos. Dessa forma, o debate sobre o tema ? importante e deve ser instigado tanto no ?mbito n?o acad?mico quanto no ?mbito da forma??o docente e discente. Frente a isso, um projeto de extens?o da Coordenadoria de F?sica (CODAFIS) do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - Campus Ouro Preto (IFMG-OP) foi iniciado em 2011, oferecendo observa??es e atividades sobre Astronomia para a popula??o local e das cidades vizinhas. Desde ent?o, mais de 7.000 pessoas j? participaram das a??es, demonstrando o imenso potencial do tema. As discuss?es sobre Astronomia levam normalmente a discuss?es sobre F?sica, quando conceitos e v?rios outros assuntos podem ser tratados de forma aplicada, fomentando o interesse por esses temas. No entanto, atividades mal elaboradas ou mal desenvolvidas podem gerar rea??es adversas no p?blico, causando resist?ncia com rela??o ao assunto. Assim, esse artigo tem como objetivo principal identificar elementos que podem culminar com a n?o efetividade das atividades de observa??o. Al?m disso, busca-se identificar par?metros que sejam determinantes para o ?xito das a??es, al?m de compartilhar conhecimentos emp?ricos obtidos com o desenvolvimento do projeto e encorajar grupos, acad?micos ou n?o, a desenvolverem atividades astron?micas similares em ambientes formais e n?o-formais de ensino e tamb?m em diferentes regi?es do pa?s.Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences and have been developed by different civilizations and with different purposes in the last millennia. In Brazil, several astronomical topics are teached in basic education, both at the fundamental and medium levels. In addition, the number of researches and activities about scientific dissemination and teaching in non-formal places is increasing. Educational activities and scientific dissemination in this context, if well done, can contribute to the socialization and popularization of astronomy knowledge. Besides that, they can help to improve the knowledge of teachers and students. In this way, the debate on the subject is important and should be instigated both in the non-academic context and in the scope of teacher and student training. In this way, a practical project of the Physics Department (CODAFIS) of the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais - Campus Ouro Preto (IFMG-OP) was started in 2011, offering observations and activities on Astronomy for the local population and neighboring cities. Since then, more than 7,000 people have attended the actions, which shows the large potential of the theme. Astronomy discussions naturally lead to Physics, when concepts and many other subjects can be treated in an applied way. In general, people are more interested in activities in this context than in traditional teaching environments. However, poorly designed or poorly developed activities can generate adverse reactions in the public, leading to dislike on the subject. Thus, this article?s main objective is to identify elements that can culminate with the non-effectiveness of the observation activities. In addition, it seeks to identify parameters that are determinant for the success of the actions, in addition to sharing empirical knowledge obtained with the development of the project and to encourage groups, academic or otherwise, to develop similar astronomical activities in formal and non-formal educational environments and also in different regions of the country