EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY PROFILE OF JASADA BHASMA (A ZINC-BASED MINERAL FORMULATION) IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

  Objective: Genotoxicity is regarded as one of the potential risk factors for causing pathological diseases. It was confirmed that many chemicals have the mutagenic activity which leads to cancer. A compound which interacts with genetic material DNA and shows adverse effects by altering its structure or function is referred to as genotoxic.Methods: The present study involved 40 Swiss albino mice weighing between 25 and 30 g body weights categorized into four different groups. Group-I (normal control) received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose as vehicle. Group-II (toxicant control) received 40 mg/kg/body weight cyclophosphamide on the 28th day. Group-III and IV received test drug JB 15.6 mg/kg and 78 mg/kg, respectively, for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected and processed for evaluating by comet assay. The animals were sacrificed and collected the bone marrow from both the femur for chromosomal aberration and micronuclei assay.Results: JB administered at two different dose levels did not show any significant changes in the comet assay parameters, no micronucleus was found and did not produce any chromosomal aberrations both numerically and structurally when compared to positive test control group.Conclusion: The genotoxicity evaluation of JB did not show any chromosomal aberrations and presence of micronucleus. Thus, the safety data will refine therapeutic utility of JB encouraging their rationale use and translate into greater and broader utilization of JB

Cerebral Edema in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: A Study in Primates by Wet Weight: Dry Weight Method

Aim: To verify whether there is any correlation between the microcirculatory perfusion impairment, area of infarction and cerebral edema after occlusion of MCA and find out whether there is any definite “reperfusion window” which could be used effectively to prevent or to reduce the infarction and there by edema. Materials and Method: For the present study, 24 healthy adult monkeys of either sex were procured from non-forest areas with prior permission from the forest department, government of Karnataka, India. The estimation of cerebral edema was studied by wet-weight and dry-weight method. Results: On permanent occlusion of the right MCA for 30min, 4 and 12h, there was no statistically significant rise in the water percentage of the whole right ischemic hemisphere, when compared to sham operated monkeys. There was no alteration in the water percentage of left hemisphere of monkeys with the right MCA occluded for 30min, 4, 12h. At 24h, there was an insignificant increase in the left hemisphere. Conclusion: By demonstrating that cerebral edema is related to infarct size rather than the presence or absence of reperfusion, this study, along with clinical observations, suggests that exacerbation of cerebral edema will not occur after thrombolytic therapy or spontaneous recanulization of occluded cerebral vessels

Unilateral Axillary Arch and Variations in the Axillary Vein and Intercostal Nerves: A Case Report

Knowledge of muscular, vascular, and neural variations in the axilla is of great clinical importance, especially in mastectomies, breast reconstruction, and axillary bypass operations. In the present paper, we report unilateral variations observed in the axillary region of a male cadaver. A fibromuscular axillary arch was observed on the right side. On the same side, there was a bifurcated axillary vein; a medial cutaneous nerve of the arm passed through and later ran beneath this axillary vein. In addition, the intercostobrachial nerve was absent on the right side. The clinical significance of the variations observed and their embryological basis are discussed in this paper