Estimating solar and nonsolar inactivation rates of airborne bacteria

ABSTRACT Land application of biosolids is a wide spread practice in the US, Canada and Western Europe. Fundamental information to characterize the relationship between atmospheric conditions, source concentration, transport, and airborne fate of bioaerosols emitted during the application of biosolids is needed to assess exposure to workers and the public. Pilotscale bioaerosol reactor experiments that independently measure the solar and nonsolar (absence of solar radiation) inactivation rates of airborne Mycobacterium parafortuitum and Escherichia coli were performed. Direct fluorescent microscopy measurements for total airborne bacteria and culture-based assays were used to measure concentrations in a one m 3 reactor that was transparent to UV-A and UV-B wavelengths and to produce decay curves of airborne bacteria under moderate and high ranges of relative humidity (RH). Relative humidity strongly influenced airborne inactivation rates in both bacteria. In addition, E. coli was more susceptible to solar and nonsolar airborne decay than M parafortuitum. Results demonstrate, at moderate RH, that nonsolar mechanisms dominate the inactivation of airborne E. coli while solar mechanisms dominate M. parafortuitum inactivation

Antibiotics for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women

Background The genital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) globally. The infection is mainly asymptomatic in women, thus it can produce infertility and chronic pelvic pain. In men infection is mainly symptomatic, but can evolve to prostatitis. Clinical practice guidelines for CT urogenital infections do not give any specific recommendation about which antibiotic use as first option Objectives To assess the eGicacy and safety of antibiotic treatment for CT genital infection in men and non-pregnant women. Search methods The Cochrane Sexually Transmitted Infections' (STI) Information Specialist developed the electronic searches in electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS), and trials registers. We searched studies published from inception to June 2018. Selection criteria We included parallel, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of men, and sexually-active, non-pregnant women with CT infection (urethritis or uterine cervicitis or asymptomatic), diagnosed by cell culture for CT, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) or antigen-based detection methods, who had been treated with any of the antibiotic regimens recommended by any of the updated to 2013 CT guidelines. Data collection and analysis Four review authors screened evidence according to selection criteria and independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Two authors developed the 'Summary of findings' tables. We used a fixed-eGect meta-analysis model for combining data where it was reasonable to assume that studies were estimating the same underlying treatment eGect. We estimated the pooled risk ratio in order to establish the eGects of the comparisons. Our primary outcomes were microbiological failure and adverse events, and our secondary outcomes were clinical failure, antimicrobial resistance and reinfection

Social Support and Substance Use as Moderators of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents

Indexación: Scopus.Literature reports that depressive symptoms may precede suicidal ideation. Several studies have identified social support and substance use as moderators of this relationship. However, no study has evaluated these variables together by testing how substance use can affect the moderating effect of social support in this relationship. The purpose of this article is to individually evaluate dimensions of social support (friends, family, significant others, and school) and substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs), as moderators of the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as analyze the moderating role of substance use in the moderation exerted by social support in this relationship. This study, quantitative and cross-sectional, considered 775 adolescents [Average age = 15.48 (SD = 0.96), 45.9% women], from 20 randomly selected schools in Santiago de Chile. Simple moderation models were used to analyze possible moderators separately, and double moderation models were used to analyze the moderating role of substance use in the moderating effect of social support. The results show that the four dimensions of social support moderate the relationship between depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation, showing the strongest interaction in the case of family support, followed by support of a significant person, support at school, and support of friends, in that order. On the other hand, alcohol was the only drug that moderated the relationship in question. In addition, the results show that the use of alcohol limits the moderating effect of social support in the fields of family, significant person, and school support, but not in the case of support of friends. The use of marijuana and other illicit drugs did not affect the moderating effects of social support for any of the areas evaluated. The results are discussed according to the different roles that alcohol use can play in adolescence, and how these, together with perceived social support, are related to the emergence of suicidal ideation from depressive symptoms. © Copyright © 2020 Rubio, Oyanedel, Cancino, Benavente, Céspedes, Zisis and Páez.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.539165/ful

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramienta para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia Departamento de Cundinamarca

El presente informe del Paso 4 – Evaluación Nacional: abordaje de contextos desde los enfoques narrativos, contiene las actividades desarrolladas durante el proceso académico, con el fin de realizar la profundización de los impactos de violencia sociopolítica en Colombia, estando comprendida en dos etapas: la primera de carácter individual, donde se estudia y se analiza el caso seleccionado por el grupo colaborativo, relato Carlos Arturo, para dar paso a las preguntas y respuestas planteadas del caso elegido, una vez realizado el ejercicio se da continuidad en la formulación de tres tipos de preguntas, circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas cuyo fin pretende dar acercamiento de orden psicosocial, como de principios éticos en la resolución de los conflictos en condiciones de victimización. Se abordan estrategias metodológicas y conceptuales para el acompañamiento psicosocial en distintos escenarios de violencia, desde la comprensión de las subjetividades como fuentes importantes de memoria y la acción transformadora y favorecer de recursos de afrontamiento colectivo correspondiente a la segunda instancia de trabajo colaborativo, con el caso Panduri cuyo abordaje psicosocial se desarrolla y se propone mediante estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial, que ayuden a contribuir en el mejoramiento de las víctimas en su estado físico, mental y psicológico, y que en su condición de resilientes puedan alcanzar mejores metas en su calidad de vida. Como último ítems se hace entrega del análisis y reflexión; experiencia de foto voz, link del blog y conclusiones de la actividad anterior, Paso 3 del diplomado que se viene realizando.This report on Step 4 - National Evaluation: Boarding on contexts from narrative approaches, contains the activities developed during the academic process, in order to deepen the impacts of socio-political violence in Colombia, being comprised of two stages: The first of an individual nature, where the case selected by the collaborative group is studied and analyzed, Carlos Arturo story, to continue with the questions and answers raised of the chosen case. Once the exercise is carried out, there is the formulation of three types of questions: Circular, reflective and strategic, the purpose of which is to provide a psychosocial approach, as well as ethical principles in the resolution of conflicts in conditions of victimization. Methodological and conceptual strategies for psychosocial support in different scenarios of violence are addressed, from the understanding of subjectivities as important sources of memory and transformative action and empowerment of collective facing resources, which correspond in the second instance to collaborative activity, with the Panduri case whose psychosocial approach is developed and proposed through psychosocial support strategies that help to contribute to the improvement of the victims in their physical, mental and psychological state, that in their condition of resilience can achieve better goals for their quality of life. As the last item, the analysis and reflection of the photovoice experience is delivered, also the blog link and conclusions of the previous activity, Step 3 of the diplomat that is being carried out

The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock

descripción no proporcionada por scopu

The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock.

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lewin, H. A., Richards, S., Lieberman Aiden, E., Allende, M. L., Archibald, J. M., Bálint, M., Barker, K. B., Baumgartner, B., Belov, K., Bertorelle, G., Blaxter, Mark L., Cai, J., Caperello, N. D., Carlson, K., Castilla-Rubio, J. C., Chaw, S-M., Chen, L., Childers, A. K., Coddington, J. A., Conde, D. A., Corominas, M., Crandall, K. A., Crawford, A. J., DiPalma, F., Durbin, R., Ebenezer, T. E., Edwards, S. V., Fedrigo, O., Flicek, P., Formenti, G., Gibbs, R. A., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Goldstein, M. M., Graves, J. M., Greely, H. T., Grigoriev, I. V., Hackett, K. J., Hall, N., Haussler, D., Helgen, K. M., Hogg, C. J., Isobe, S., Jakobsen, K. S., Janke, A., Jarvis, E. D., Johnson, W. E., Jones, S. J. M., Karlsson, E. K., Kersey, P. J., Kim, J-H., Kress, W. J., Kuraku, S., Lawniczak, M. K. N., Leebens-Mack, J. H., Li, X., Lindblad-Toh, K., Liu, X., Lopez, J. V., Marques-Bonet, T., Mazard, S., Mazet, J. A. K., Mazzoni, C. J., Myers, E. W., O’Neill, R. J., Paez, S., Park, H., Robinson, G. E., Roquet, C., Ryder, O. A., Sabir, J. S. M., Shaffer, H. B., Shank, T. M., Sherkow, J. S., Soltis, P. S., Tang, B., Tedersoo, L., Uliano-Silva, M., Wang, K., Wei, X., Wetzer, R., Wilson, J. L., Xu, X., Yang, H., Yoder, A. D., Zhang, G. The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: starting the clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(4), (2022): e2115635118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115635118.November 2020 marked 2 y since the launch of the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which aims to sequence all known eukaryotic species in a 10-y timeframe. Since then, significant progress has been made across all aspects of the EBP roadmap, as outlined in the 2018 article describing the project’s goals, strategies, and challenges (1). The launch phase has ended and the clock has started on reaching the EBP’s major milestones. This Special Feature explores the many facets of the EBP, including a review of progress, a description of major scientific goals, exemplar projects, ethical legal and social issues, and applications of biodiversity genomics. In this Introduction, we summarize the current status of the EBP, held virtually October 5 to 9, 2020, including recent updates through February 2021. References to the nine Perspective articles included in this Special Feature are cited to guide the reader toward deeper understanding of the goals and challenges facing the EBP

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs