Geografia Histórica do Caminho do Ouro na Serra da Estrela (RJ), Sudeste do Brasil: barreira, fronteira e permeabilidade.

The landscaoe comprising the mountain range of Serra da Estrela (RJ) is the result of the historical interaction between culture and nature, attesting to the great transformations that occurred since the opening of the Caminho do Ouro. Our goal in this investugation was to understand how the exploration of precious minerals in the interior of Brazil – which connected with the coast through a network of paths and roads with the transposition of physical barriers –, led to the transformation of the landscape. Thus, we investigate the landscape history marks etched on the Caminho do Ouro path, in Serra da Estrela, a specific section with a rich Historical Geography. We carried out a bibliographic survey based on the investigation of studies related to the area, together with exploratory fields work in order to inventory the human traces etched in the landscape (such as former charcoal production sites and ruins). It was evident that the increase in importance of Serra da Estrela is directly related to the attempt to improve the flow of gold. This attempt, in turn, became necessary due to the difficulties imposed by the physical frontier of the Serra do Mar orographic barrier. With that, Serra da Estrela became one of the most important locations of the 18th century, being the stage of one of the most valuable chapters in the history of Brazil. It is undeniable that the opening of the Caminho do Proença directly influenced the socio-spatial configuration of Serra da Estrela, as well as the city of Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis, being a historic landmark for the period of great transformations that followed. As landmarks of this history, we observe the ruins of the houses of the Fazenda Mandioca of Barão de Langsdorff, as well as the ten found former charcoal productions sites that show the use of the forest as an energy source at some point in history. In this way, Serra da Estrela reflects the different economic, social and cultural aspects that took place from the opening of the Caminho do Ouro to the present.A Serra da Estrela (RJ) é resultado da histórica relação entre cultura e natureza, atestando as grandes transformações ocorridas a partir da abertura do Caminho do Ouro. Objetivou-se compreender como a exploração de minerais preciosos no interior do Brasil, que se conectou com o litoral através de caminhos de escoamento com a transposição de barreiras físicas, levou à transformação da paisagem. Assim, investigamos as marcas da história da paisagem do Caminho do Ouro, na Serra da Estrela, um trecho específico com uma rica Geografia Histórica. Para isso, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico a partir da investigação de estudos referentes à área junto com investidas de campos exploratórios a fim de inventariar os vestígios humanos impressos na paisagem (tais como carvoarias e ruínas). Ficou evidente que o ganho de importância da Serra da Estrela está diretamente relacionado com a tentativa de melhoramento no escoamento do ouro. Essa tentativa, por sua vez, tornou-se necessária a partir das dificuldades impostas pela fronteira física da Serra do Mar. Com isso, a Serra da Estrela passou a ser uma das localidades mais importantes do século XVIII, sendo palco de um dos mais valiosos capítulos da história do Brasil. É inegável que a abertura do Caminho do Proença influenciou diretamente na configuração socioespacial da Serra da Estrela, assim como da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e Petrópolis, sendo um marco histórico para o período de grandes transformações que se sucederam. Como marcas dessa história observamos as ruínas das casas da Fazenda Mandioca do Barão de Langsdorff, assim como as dez carvoarias encontradas que evidenciam o uso da floresta como fonte energética em algum momento da história. Dessa forma, a Serra da Estrela reflete os diferentes aspectos econômicos, sociais e culturais que se deram a partir da abertura do Caminho do Ouro até o presente

Is mental practice an effective adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke? A systematic review and meta- analysis

Stroke is one of the most common conditions requiring rehabilitation, and its motor impairments are a major cause of permanent disability. Hemiparesis is observed by 80% of the patients after acute stroke. Neuroimaging studies showed that real and imagined movements have similarities regarding brain activation, supplying evidence that those similarities are based on the same process. Within this context, the combination of mental practice (MP) with physical and occupational therapy appears to be a natural complement based on neurorehabilitation concepts. Our study seeks to investigate if MP for stroke rehabilitation of upper limbs is an effective adjunct therapy. PubMed (Medline), ISI knowledge (Institute for Scientific Information) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library) were terminated on 20 February 2015. Data were collected on variables as follows: sample size, type of supervision, configuration of mental practice, setting the physical practice (intensity, number of sets and repetitions, duration of contractions, rest interval between sets, weekly and total duration), measures of sensorimotor deficits used in the main studies and significant results. Random effects models were used that take into account the variance within and between studies. Seven articles were selected. As there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (MP vs control), showed a - 0.6 (95% CI: -1.27 to 0.04), for upper limb motor restoration after stroke. The present meta-analysis concluded that MP is not effective as adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke

BRS Vivi: single-cross super sweet corn hybrid.

This study aims to describe the single-cross, super sweet corn hybrid BRS Vivi, with above-average ear diameter, light-colored grains and competitiveness with other sweet corn cultivars. BRS Vivi is a contribution to the expansion of the range of available cultivars on the market and the genetic basis of sweet corn in Brazil

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho em 35 ambientes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho em varias regiões do país

Agricultura de Precisão: Programas Tecnológicos no Brasil

Precision agriculture (AP) is recognized as a technological innovation tool because when applied in a preventive way during agricultural production, it improves the economic and management aspects, minimizing losses of agricultural inputs and environmental risks in relation to conventional agriculture. This article describes government incentive and free trade programs for assessing productivity, analyzing fertility deficiencies, soil and plant physical and chemical characteristics, as well as evaluating the development of pests and diseases that may occur during production