Comportamiento agronómico de somaclones de Gross Michel (AAA) resistentes a Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense obtenidos con el empleo de la mutagénesis in vitro

The present work was realized in the Institute of Plant Biotechnology (IBP) with the objective to evaluate the agronomical behavior of several somaclons selected in the laboratory with possible resistance or tolerance to Panama Disease (Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense), races 1 and 2, from susceptible clone “Gross Michel” (AAA). We studied the answer of the vitroplants after the inoculations and reinoculations with different isolates of fungus during four development cycles. After several cycles of selection in nurseries with contaminated substrate and in two zones of open field with high incidence of the pathogen, selections in the clonal study phase were planted in field 21. These were evaluated during two cycles of harvest, selecting, nine somaclons which presented infection index in the field inferior to 30 %. The somaclons selected as resistant and with favorable agronomic characteristics were micropropagated and evaluated in a yield study, of them three somaclons (IBP 5-61, IBP 5-B and IBP 12) maintained their very promissory agronomic characteristics and resistance.Key words:Musa sp., somaclonal variationEl presente trabajo se realizó en el Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas (IBP) con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de varios somaclones seleccionados en el laboratorio con posible resistencia o tolerancia al Mal de Panamá (Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense), razas 1 y 2, en el cultivar susceptible ¨Gross Michel¨ (AAA). Se estudió la respuesta de las vitroplantas después de las inoculaciones y reinoculaciones con los aislados del hongo durante cuatro fases de desarrollo. Luego de varios ciclos de selección en viveros con sustrato infectado y en dos zonas a campo abierto con alta incidencia del patógeno, se plantaron en campo 21 selecciones en fases de estudio clonal. Estos se evaluaron durante dos ciclos de cosecha, seleccionándose nueve somaclones que presentaron índices de infección en el campo inferior al 30%. Los somaclones seleccionados como resistentes y con características agronómicas favorables, se micropropagaron y fueron evaluados en estudios replicados, de ellos tres somaclones (IBP 5-61, IBP 5-B e IBP 12) mantuvieron sus características agronómicas y de resistencia muy promisorias.Palabras clave: Musa sp., variación somaclona

Agronomical behavior of somaclons of “Gross Michel” (AAA) resistant to Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense obtained with the use of in vitro mutagenesis

The present work was realized in the Institute of Plant Biotechnology (IBP) with the objective to evaluate the agronomical behavior of several somaclons selected in the laboratory with possible resistance or tolerance to Panama Disease (Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense), races 1 and 2, from susceptible clone “Gross Michel” (AAA). We studied the answer of the vitroplants after the inoculations and reinoculations with different isolates of fungus during four development cycles. After several cycles of selection in nurseries with contaminated substrate and in two zones of open field with high incidence of the pathogen, selections in the clonal study phase were planted in field 21. These were evaluated during two cycles of harvest, selecting, nine somaclons which presented infection index in the field inferior to 30 %. The somaclons selected as resistant and with favorable agronomic characteristics were micropropagated and evaluated in a yield study, of them three somaclons (IBP 5-61, IBP 5-B and IBP 12) maintained their very promissory agronomic characteristics and resistance. Key words:Musa sp., somaclonal variatio