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Not AvailableDescribes about the brucellosis diseases of animals in KannadaNot Availabl

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Not AvailableDescribes about the use of lateral flow assay for serodiagnosis of brucellosisNot Availabl

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Not AvailableINTRODUCTION: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that affects multiple livestock species and causes great economic losses. The highly conserved genomes of Brucella, with > 90% homology among species, makes it important to study the genetic diversity circulating in the country. METHODOLOGY: A total of 26 Brucella spp. (4 reference strains and 22 field isolates) and 1 B. melitensis draft genome sequence from India (B. melitensis Bm IND1) were included for sequence typing. The field isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by both conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting bcsp 31Brucella genus-specific marker. Brucella speciation and biotyping was done by Bruce ladder, probe qPCR, and AMOS PCRs, respectively, and genotyping was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: The MLST typing of 27 Brucella spp. revealed five distinct sequence types (STs); the B. abortus S99 reference strain and 21 B. abortus field isolates belonged to ST1. On the other hand, the vaccine strain B. abortus S19 was genotyped as ST5. Similarly, B. melitensis 16M reference strain and one B. melitensis field isolate were grouped into ST7. Another B. melitensis field isolate belonged to ST8 (draft genome sequence from India), and only B. suis 1330 reference strain was found to be ST14. CONCLUSION: The sequences revealed genetic similarity of the Indian strains to the global reference and field strains. The study highlights the usefulness of MLST for typing of field isolates and validation of reference strains used for diagnosis and vaccination against brucellosis.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIntroduction: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that affects multiple livestock species and causes great economic losses. The highly conserved genomes of Brucella, with > 90% homology among species, makes it important to study the genetic diversity circulating in the country. Methodology: A total of 26 Brucella spp. (4 reference strains and 22 field isolates) and 1 B. melitensis draft genome sequence from India (B. melitensis Bm IND1) were included for sequence typing. The field isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by both conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting bcsp 31Brucella genus-specific marker. Brucella speciation and biotyping was done by Bruce ladder, probe qPCR, and AMOS PCRs, respectively, and genotyping was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The MLST typing of 27 Brucella spp. revealed five distinct sequence types (STs); the B. abortus S99 reference strain and 21 B. abortus field isolates belonged to ST1. On the other hand, the vaccine strain B. abortus S19 was genotyped as ST5. Similarly, B. melitensis 16M reference strain and one B. melitensis field isolate were grouped into ST7. Another B. melitensis field isolate belonged to ST8 (draft genome sequence from India), and only B. suis 1330 reference strain was found to be ST14. Conclusion: The sequences revealed genetic similarity of the Indian strains to the global reference and field strains. The study highlights the usefulness of MLST for typing of field isolates and validation of reference strains used for diagnosis and vaccination against brucellosis.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNeurobrucellosis is a most serious complication of brucellosis which has neither a typical clinical picture nor specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and mimics other neurological disorders leading to clinical diagnostic dilemmas. Accurate diagnosis is a great challenge for physicians, neurologists and researchers. A retrospective study was conducted to highlight the importance of the integrated diagnostics and clinical approaches to describe and categorize different clinical pictures of patients with neurobrucellosis in Indian scenario. We reviewed the medical records of twelve patients who were diagnosed as cases of neurobrucellosis from January 2010 to September 2013. Clinical details, associated risk factors, image findings were recorded. The serum and CSF Brucellosis work up by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was performed and results analysed. Chronic meningitis (33.3%) was the most common form of presentation, followed by infective cerebro venous thrombosis (CVT) (25%), demyelination (16.6%), myelitis (16.6%) and myeloradiculopathy (8.33%). Epidemiological risk factor was present in 59% of the cases. All the twelve cases were positive for serum IgG antibrucella antibodies by ELISA. Two cases had brucella antibodies in the CSF as well. Brucella genus specific PCR was positive in four cases. Neurobrucellosis may be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in unusual cases of neurologic disorders and in cases of neurological dysfunction in absence of any other suitable alternative diagnosis. Multimodal differential diagnostic approaches are essential for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment and to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with neurobrucellosis.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBrucellosis is both occupational and non-occupational infectious disease which occurs due to contact with infected animals and contaminated animal products. The disease is invariably under-diagnosed, likely because of misleading clinical presentation. Hence, timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for prompt treatment and faster recovery of the patient. To enableanearly and accurate Brucella detection, cultural, serological and molecular diagnostic techniques were carried out. Out of 219 serum samples, 75.3% and 24.7% were males and females respectively, 66, 99 and 54 were veterinary professionals, animal handlers and other suspected cases, respectively. In different diagnostic tests that were employed, 53 (24.20%), 32 (14.61%), 14 (6.39%) and 4 (1.83%) were positive by IgGELISA, RBPT, PCR and IgM ELISA respectively, in the descending order of positivity. Out of 32 RBPT positive samples, 18 (56.25%) samples showed significant titres by STAT. From the same RBPT positive samples, B. abortus and B. melitensis were isolated and confirmed by bacteriological and species specific PCR. The high number of seropositives was detected in male and veterinary professionals which confirms brucellosis as a major public health concern in risk group and combination of tests such as RBPT, STAT, ELISA and PCR are essentially required to have a foolproof diagnosis.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBovine brucellosis is a highly contagious ubiquitous reproductive disorder of dairy ani-mals. To assess the diagnostic assays and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis, a systematic study was conducted in 24 organized farms, containing a total of 1359 dairy animals during the period of 2013-2014. Herd and animal level data were recorded in a structured questionnaire. Of the 1359 samples, 71 (5.22%), 82 (6.03%), 73 (5.37%) and 54 (3.97%) samples were positive by RBPT, iELISA, serum and blood PCRs respectively. Combination of iELISA and serum PCR were found most suitable to declare brucellosis status of the animals. e high brucellosis prevalence was recorded in medium sized farms (26-100 animals) than in small and large farms. Similarly, disease prevalence ranged from 6.13 to 11.42%inthe age groups of2 to 8 yrs.e disease predisposition with respect to breeds revealed that the prevalence varied from 3 to 5% in cross breeds of Holstein Friesian and Jersey, and serological and PCR tests were negative in Indian breeds such as Hallikar and Ongole cattle and Surti bualoes. Purchase of animals without prior diagnosis, lack of awareness and routine milk testing were found as other potential risk factors for transmission of disease. e study facilitates improvisation of sensitivity of clinical surveillance system for early diagnosis and to prevent the disease transmissionNot Availabl

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Not AvailableIndia is a rich niche of ovine germplasm with diverse indigenous and cross breeds. Brucellosis is most contagious, often regionally neglected disease of small ruminants in the country. The current spatial prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of the country was not known. A total of 8904 samples [sheep (n1)-4868, goat (n2)-4036] from different states of the country were randomly collected and tested by indigenously developed iELISA kit. True prevalence of disease was found to be 5.5% (95% CI: 4.6-6.3%) and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.5-3.1), in sheep and goat, respectively. The study conclusively unraveled the epidemiological overview of disease at both state and national level. This information is useful for prioritizing regions for vaccination, designing control strategies and improvisation of clinical surveillance system.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePorcine brucellosis is a contagious and emerging zoonosis but neglected in most of the endemic countries including India. The disease in pigs is rarely reported due to non-availability of diagnostics or major focus is on bovine brucellosis. Hence, the necessity was felt to develop indirect ELISA for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies and to record spatial seroprevalence of porcine brucellosis in the country. The relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the developed indirect ELISA were 94.0% and 92.0%, respectively and kappa agreement with rose bengal plate test, serum agglutination test and commercial indirect ELISA kit was found to be 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.78–0.93). A total of 2 576 random serum samples sourced from 10 states were screened by indirect ELISA and true prevalence of 7.2% (95% confidence interval 5.6–8.7) was recorded. The study concluded the prevalence of brucellosis in swine population in many states of the country and indirect ELISA as an alternate test to rose bengal plate test and serum agglutination tests.Not Availabl