A cone beam computed tomography study on inter-radicular bone to determine the safe zone for miniscrew implants placement

Background: This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination aimed to determine the inter-radicular bone dimensions inside exceptional increase patterns and decide a safe region for the placement of miniscrew implants. Methods: The inter-radicular bone dimensions have been measured at particular websites within the maxillary and mandibular arches. The measurements were taken on the coastal stage, middle of the root, and apical stage of the selected teeth. Statistical evaluation was completed to compare the bone dimensions among distinctive boom styles. Results: The effects discovered giant variations in inter-radicular bone dimensions and the various increase styles. Class II and class III disorder exhibited narrower inter-radicular spaces as compared to class I disorder, especially in the maxillary arch. The crystal degree and middle of the root confirmed narrower dimensions than the apical level in all increase patterns. These findings provide valuable insights into the ability to secure zones for miniscrew implant placement primarily based on the patient's increased sample. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of considering growth styles whilst planning miniscrew implant placement. Clinicians have to be cautious and select suitable websites for miniscrew insertion, particularly in sufferers with class II or class III disorder, to ensure the most excellent balance and avoid headaches related to inter-radicular bone dimensions. Tailoring implant placement to individual boom patterns can enhance the fulfilment and protection of orthodontic treatments utilizing miniscrew implants

Malignant mixed mullerian tumour of the endometrium with a synchronous ovarian cancer- a rare association

Synchronous malignancies of genital tract are extremely uncommon especially those with independent histopathologies. We are reporting a rare case with a unique presentation. A 79 year old nulliparous lady presented with foul smelling discharge and bleeding per vaginum. Examination revealed an abdominopelvic mass and a friable polypoidal growth projecting from the cervical os. Biopsy of the polyp indicated mixed malignant mullerian tumour. CT scan revealed a large ovarian tumour with solid and cystic areas indicating ovarian malignancy. During laparotomy patient was also found to have chronic inversion of uterus secondary to the polypoidal growth protruding from the cervix. Histopathology confirmed mixed malignant mullerian tumour of the endometrium and serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the right ovary

Influence Of Tillage Practices And Residue Management Practices on Yield Attributes And Yield Of Maize In Maize-Based Cropping Systems Under Semi-Arid Tropics

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi in 2016-17 and 2017-18 at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad to study the influence of tillage practices and residue management practices on yield attributes and yield of maize in maize-based cropping systems under semi-arid tropics. The field experiment was laid out on broad-beds and furrows in a split-split design with four replications under rainfed conditions. Main plot consisted of two tillage practices (minimum tillage and conventional tillage), sub-plot of two crop residue management practices (residue addition and no-residue addition) and sub-sub plot of two cropping systems (Maize-chickpea sequential cropping and maize+pigeonpea intercropping system). The results revealed that yield and yield attributes of maize did not vary significantly due to tillage practices, however, minimum tillage led to considerable yield losses. Among the residue management practices, addition of crop residue recorded significantly higher yield and yield attributes (cob girth, number of grain rows and test weight) as compared to no residue addition. Yield attributes and yield remained non-significant among the two cropping systems

Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment and Their Associated Risk Factors, in Three Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh, India

Objective: To assess the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment (VI), their associated causes and underlying risk factors in three tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh, India and compare this data in conjunction with data from other countries with low and middle income settings. Methods: Using a validated Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology, a two stage sampling survey was performed in these areas involving probability proportionate to size sampling and compact segment sampling methods. Blindness, VI and severe visual impairment (SVI) were defined as per the WHO guidelines and Indian definitions. Results: Based on a prior enumeration, 7281 (97.1%) subjects were enrolled (mean age = 61.0+/−7.9 years). Based on the presenting visual acuity (PVA), the prevalences of VI, SVI and blindness were 16.9% (95% CI: 15.7–18.1), 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5–3.4), and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.9–2.7), respectively. When based on the Pinhole corrected visual acuity (PCVA), the prevalences were lower in VI (6.2%, 95% CI: 5.4–6.9), SVI (1.5%, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9) and blindness (2.1%, 95% CI: 1.7–2.5). Refractive error was the major cause of VI (71.4%), whereas, cataract was the major cause of SVI and blindness (70.3%). Based on the PVA, the odds ratio (OR) of blindness increased in the age groups of 60–69 years (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.8, 5.1), 70–79 years (OR = 10.6, 95% CI: 7.2, 15.5) and 80 years and above (OR = 30.7, 95% CI: 19.2, 49). The ORs were relatively higher in females (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6) and illiterate subjects (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.2, 8.5), but lower in those wearing glasses (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.4). Conclusions: This is perhaps the first study to assess the prevalence of blindness and VI in these tribal regions and the majority of the causes of blindness and SVI were avoidable (88.5%). These findings may be useful for planning eye care services in these underserved regions

Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Associated Factors in Indian Cohort in a Tertiary Care Setting

PURPOSE: To report a big data analysis of risk and protective factors in patients with AMD, as well as report on the age-adjusted prevalence in a geriatric Indian cohort in a hospital setting. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study of all patients older than 60 years of age. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the binary outcome and the presence of AMD. Variables analyzed include age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, urban-rural-metropolitan distribution, self-reported history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), or coronary artery disease (CAD), ocular comorbidities, history of cataract surgery, and presenting VA. Odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 608,171 patients over the age of 60 years who attended our clinics, 1.68% of subjects had a diagnosis of AMD (N = 10,217). Less than half (4,621 of 10,217 with AMD) of them were diagnosed to have dry AMD. Cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy were associated with lower risk of AMD. Cataract surgery was associated with the higher risk of AMD (OR = 1.20; 99% CI 1.13-1.29). Smoking was not associated with AMD. CONCLUSION: Big data analysis from a hospital setting shows that the prevalence of AMD above the age of 60 years is low. More patients with wet AMD present for treatment compared to dry AMD. Smoking was not associated with AMD in the Indian population. Cataract surgery was associated with higher prevalence of AMD

Diagonal ear lobe crease in diabetic south Indian population: Is it associated with Diabetic Retinopathy?. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular-genetics Study (SN-DREAMS, Report no. 3)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To report the prevalence of ear lobe crease (ELC), a sign of coronary heart disease, in subjects (more than 40 years old) with diabetes and find its association with diabetic retinopathy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects were recruited from the Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular-genetics Study (SN-DREAMS), a cross-sectional study between 2003 and 2006; the data were analyzed for the1414 eligible subjects with diabetes. All patients' fundi were photographed using 45° four-field stereoscopic digital photography. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was based on the modified Klein classification. The presence of ELC was evaluated on physical examination.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of ELC, among the subjects with diabetes, was 59.7%. The ELC group were older, had longer duration of diabetes, had poor glycemic control and had a high socio-economic status compared to the group without ELC and the variables were statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in two groups. On multivariate analysis for any diabetic retinopathy, the adjusted OR for women was 0.69 (95% CI 0.51-0.93) (p = 0.014); for age >70 years, 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.89) (p = 0.024); for increasing duration of diabetes (per year increase), 1.11(95% CI 1.09-1.14) (p < 0.0001); and for poor glycemic control (per unit increase in glycosylated heamoglobin), 1.26 (95% CI 1.19-1.35) (p < 0.0001). For sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy, no variable was significant on multivariable analysis. In predicting any diabetic retinopathy, the presence of ELC had sensitivity of 60.4%, and specificity, 40.5%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.50 (95% CI 0.46-0.54) (p 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The ELC was observed in nearly 60% of the urban south Indian population. However, the present study does not support the use of ELC as a screening tool for both any diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening retinopathy.</p