Neurostimulatory and ablative treatment options in major depressive disorder: a systematic review

Introduction Major depressive disorder is one of the most disabling and common diagnoses amongst psychiatric disorders, with a current worldwide prevalence of 5-10% of the general population and up to 20-25% for the lifetime period. Historical perspective Nowadays, conventional treatment includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; however, more than 60% of the treated patients respond unsatisfactorily, and almost one fifth becomes refractory to these therapies at long-term follow-up. Nonpharmacological techniques Growing social incapacity and economic burdens make the medical community strive for better therapies, with fewer complications. Various nonpharmacological techniques like electroconvulsive therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, lesion surgery, and deep brain stimulation have been developed for this purpose. Discussion We reviewed the literature from the beginning of the twentieth century until July 2009 and described the early clinical effects and main reported complications of these methods. © The Author(s) 2010.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Paraganglioma carotídeo bilateral Bilateral carotid body paraganglioma

Os paragangliomas do corpo carotídeo são lesões incomuns, embora representem a maioria dos paragangliomas da cabeça e pescoço. A presença de lesão bilateral é rara. Os autores apresentam um caso de paraganglioma bilateral, dando ênfase aos aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e tratamento.<br>Carotid body paragangliomas are uncommon lesions although in the head and neck region, these lesions are the most frequent ones. Bilateral lesions are rare. The authors present a case of bilateral paraganglioma, its clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment