The possibilities of using CityGML for 3D representation of buildings in the cadastre

The main objective of the paper is to elaborate the possibilities of applying CityGML for cadastral purposes, drawing particular attention to the three-dimensional representation of buildings. Technical realization of the issue is executed at the conceptual level by integration the Land Administration Domain Model, officially published as an International Standard ISO 19152, and the CityGML OGC Standard. The proposal of the innovative model is illustrated with the case of Poland. The feasibility study is carried out for the examples of three buildings, located in Warsaw. The investigations have confirmed that the CityGML provides a flexible conceptual model which can be adapted to land administration domain, particularly for supporting the spatial concepts required for cadastral systems. The studies have revealed difficulties in introducing elements representing non-spatial components of land administration, such as: parties, basic administrative units and rights. For that reason, the proposal of adding the semantic representation for land administration within CityGML has been recommended. Practical implementation of the CityGML-LADM ADE model demonstrates the benefits of providing relations between spatial objects from legal and physical world. The insight into the third dimension of physical objects helps to understand the location and size of the legal spaces as well as it is relevant in the context of developing the multipurpose cadastral systems.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen