Resistin Regulates Pituitary Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro

The adipokine resistin is an insulin-antagonizing factor that also plays a regulatory role in inflammation, immunity, food intake, and gonadal function and also regulates growth hormone (GH) secretion in rat adenopituitary cells cultures with the adipokine. Although adipose tissue is the primary source of resistin, it is also expressed in other tissues, including the pituitary. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible action of resistin on the lipid metabolism in the pituitary gland in vivo (rats in two different nutritional status, fed and fast, treated with resistin on acute and a chronic way) and in vitro (adenopituitary cell cultures treated with the adipokine). Here, by a combination of in vivo and in vitro experimental models, we demonstrated that central acute and chronic administration of resistin enhance mRNA levels of the lipid metabolic enzymes which participated on lipolysis and moreover inhibiting mRNA levels of the lipid metabolic enzymes involved in lipogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that resistin has a regulatory role on lipid metabolism in the pituitary gland providing a novel insight in relation to the mechanism by which this adipokine can participate in the integrated control of lipid metabolism.Sara Borrell Postdoctoral program; BFU 2011 and CIBER Obesidad y Nutricion (Instituto de Salud Carlos Tercero (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion). Juan de la Cierva Program (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia)S

Prevalencia De Alteraciones En El Desarrollo Psicomotor Para Niños De 1 Mes A 5 Años Valorados Con La Prueba EDI En Un Centro De Salud En México En El Periodo Febrero A Noviembre De 2015

Objective: To establish the prevalence of the psychomotor development alterations in children from a month old up to 5 years old tested with EDI test. Methodology: Transversal study with a non probabilistic sample of children who entered to be evaluated with EDI test for the first time in a period from February to November 2015. It took 204 evaluations through the SPSS V program. Results: 54 (26.47%) children resulted with some alert data, in which 32 (59.26%) referred lag in their development and 22 (40.74%) with risk of development delay. The rest were 150 (73.53%) tests with normal development. Conclusions: The high index of urinary tract infections during the prenatal period such as the preterm births stimulates the prevalence of psychomotor development alterations, which is why it is important the correct manage during pregnancy

Endocrinología celular y molecular

El correcto funcionamiento y homeostasis del organismo requieren un control de la secreción hormonal, cuyos defectos producen graves desórdenes endocrinos y metabólicos. Esta regulación mediada por la interacción hormona-receptor culmina en la modificación de la actividad celular, previa a la cual, se ven afectadas toda una serie de proteínas que participan en el control de la ruta de secreción regulada, facilitando el procesamiento, clasificación, tráfico intracelular y exocitosis de la hormona en cuestión. En relación al control de la secreción de la GH y a los factores reguladores de dicho proceso, se estudia el control de la secreción de la GH por la SRIF, así como su regulación por factores periféricos como la adiponectin

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. Findings: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. Interpretation: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Methods We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. Findings Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. Interpretation As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

LA NECROSIS AVASCULAR EN LA DISPLASIA DE LA CADERA

<p><em><strong>Presentado en el III Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cirugía Infantil y XXIII Curso de Ortopedia para Post Graduados. Bogotá. Marzo 1978.</strong></em></p><p>1. La Necrosis Avascular de la extremidad proximal del fémur es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y temibles en el tratamiento de la displasia de la cadera.</p><p>2. Un mejor conocimiento de su etiopatogenia, de su historia natural, de su patología y<br />de su cuadro radiológico, aporta bases para prevenirla y tratarla en forma adecuada.</p><p>3. Por ser una lesión esencialmente iatrogénica relacionada con la aplicación de conductas<br />inapropiadas de tratamiento, la depuración de esas técnicas puede evitar su aparición.</p><p>4. Un diagnóstico precoz de la displasia de la cadera, un programa adecuado de tracción<br />previa a la reducción, con tenotomía de los músculos aductores, en el momento de la<br />reducción, maniobras suaves de reducción e inmovilización en una posición fisiológica<br />humana (flexión de 900, abducción de 450) reducen notablemente la frecuencia de la<br />necrosis avascular como complicación en el tratamiento de la displasia de la cadera.</p><p>5. La reducción abierta de la cadera, asociada a la osteotomía del hueso innominado, precedida de una tracción adecuada y en niños mayores de 18 meses, reduce igualmente en este tipo de pacientes el porcentaje de esta complicación.</p><p>El seguimiento de los principios enumerados en el Departamento de Ortopedia del Hospital<br />Infantil, ha conseguido en el curso de 20 años disminuir la incidencia de necrosis avascular<br />del 35 al 5.20/0.</p&gt

PIE DESCALZO DEL INDIGENA DEL AMAZONAS

<p>Dentro del trabajo que se está llevando a cabo en el servicio de ortopedia el Hospital Infantil de Bogotá, sobre la "Evolución de la postura del niño colombiano", trabajo iniciado hace ya más de cuatro años y algunas de cuyas características han sido descritas en comunicaciones anteriores, se creyó muy pertinente conocer ciertos detalles relacionados con la estructura y función del pie descalzo, lo cual permitiría hacer una serie de comparaciones entre éste y el pie del colombiano calzado, considerado como "normal" en la presente época. Hasta ahora se han examinado 4.013 individuos normales en el resto de Colombia. Por muchas razones se escogió a laAmazonía Colombiana, y dentro de ésta la zona de Leticia, como centro de este estudio.</p><p>Se seleccionaron 294 historias de otros tantos nativos del Amazonas que tuvieron como hecho fundamental y común, el no haberse calzado nunca: correspondían a 154 hombres y 140 mujeres. Sus edades fluctuaron entre un mes de vida y 60 años de edad. Los grupos de edades se distribuyeron así: 136 menores de 10 años; 96 entre 11 y 20 años; 39 entre 21 y 30 años; 11 entre 31 y 40 años y 12 mayores de 41 años. El grupo estudiado procedía de 4 conglomerados indígenas: Arara: 41, Kilómetro 6:32, San Sebastián: 37 y Nazaret 84. (Figura 1). Se tomó el peso y la talla de los indígenas, así como medidas de la longitud de los pies; su anchura, la altura del dedo gordo, del quinto dedo y del empeine; el perímetro del antepie y del postpie; se estudió el arco longitudinal, la torsión tibial, el ángulo fémorotibial y los movimientos de rotación de la cadera. Se tomaron huellas plantares y en 50 de estos individuos, se realizaron radiografías de los pies, con y sin apoyo...</p&gt

RESEÑA HISTÓRICA, DESARROLLO Y ACTUALIDAD DEL HERBARIO DE LA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA (HPUJ)

Se presenta una reseña histórica sobre el origen, consolidación, actualidad y perspectivas del Herbario de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (HPUJ). Entre los sucesos más importantes se destaca la inscripción en el Index Herbariorum bajo el acrónimo HPUJ en 1986 y el registro oficial ante el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt en 2001 (Registro No. 11), según la Resolución 1115 de 2000 del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. El objetivo del HPUJ es ser una colección de referencia científica reconocida y centro de docencia e investigación de la flora de Colombia, que cumpla con las funciones de conservación, investigación, docencia, exhibición y servicio. Actualmente el HPUJ reúne cerca de 42.000 ejemplares organizados en dos grandes grupos uno la colección general que comprende las Spermatophyta (Angiospermae y Gymnospermae) y un segundo grupo denominado colecciones menores que incluyen colecciones de tipos, pteridofitos, briofitos, líquenes, algas macroscópicas, micoteca (macrohongos), antoteca (flores en preservante líquido), carpoteca (frutos y semillas), xiloteca (muestras de madera), palinoteca (muestras de polen), colección en sílica gel, ilustraciones botánicas y productos etnobotánicos. Actualmente el herbario tiene su mayor fortaleza en la flora de alta montaña colombiana y en la familia Orchidaceae