Cost-effectiveness analysis for joint pain treatment in patients with osteoarthritis treated at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS): Comparison of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vs. cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the main causes of disability worldwide, especially in persons >55 years of age. Currently, controversy remains about the best therapeutic alternative for this disease when evaluated from a cost-effectiveness viewpoint. For Social Security Institutions in developing countries, it is very important to assess what drugs may decrease the subsequent use of medical care resources, considering their adverse events that are known to have a significant increase in medical care costs of patients with OA. Three treatment alternatives were compared: celecoxib (200 mg twice daily), non-selective NSAIDs (naproxen, 500 mg twice daily; diclofenac, 100 mg twice daily; and piroxicam, 20 mg/day) and acetaminophen, 1000 mg twice daily. The aim of this study was to identify the most cost-effective first-choice pharmacological treatment for the control of joint pain secondary to OA in patients treated at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cost-effectiveness assessment was carried out. A systematic review of the literature was performed to obtain transition probabilities. In order to evaluate analysis robustness, one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Estimations were done for a 6-month period.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Treatment demonstrating the best cost-effectiveness results [lowest cost-effectiveness ratio $17.5 pesos/patient ($1.75 USD)] was celecoxib. According to the one-way sensitivity analysis, celecoxib would need to markedly decrease its effectiveness in order for it to not be the optimal treatment option. In the probabilistic analysis, both in the construction of the acceptability curves and in the estimation of net economic benefits, the most cost-effective option was celecoxib.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>From a Mexican institutional perspective and probably in other Social Security Institutions in similar developing countries, the most cost-effective option for treatment of knee and/or hip OA would be celecoxib.</p

Diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica como trazador de la capacidad técnica en la atención médica en 20 estados de México The diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease as a tracer of the technical capacity in care facilities of 20 Mexican states

OBJETIVO. Evaluar el conocimiento y la capacidad técnica de los médicos de primer nivel de atención en el manejo de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial y de pacientes en riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y utilizar la enfermedad terminal de esta última como trazador de la calidad de la atención primaria en el sistema de salud mexicano. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio transversal en los servicios de salud de las secretarías de salud en 20 estados de junio a diciembre de 2008. Se construyó un cuestionario con dos casos clínicos. RESULTADOS. El promedio de calificación de los 149 médicos evaluados fue de 53.7 Los médicos que trabajan en las unidades de mayor tamaño tienden a tener mayor antigüedad y obtuvieron las calificaciones más bajas. CONCLUSIÓN. La utilización del diagnóstico de la ERC como un trazador permite detectar la capacidad de los médicos en el primer nivel de atención y el potencial del uso de esta metodología para evaluar procesos críticos en el sistema de salud.OBJECTIVE. To assess knowledge and technical capacity of primary care physicians in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure as well as patients at risk of developing chronic kidney disease, and to use the latter condition as a tracer of the quality of primary care of the Mexican health system. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A cross-sectional study included 149 primary health physicians in primary care units from state health care services in 20 states. An instrument with two clinical cases was applied. RESULTS. The average score of the physicians evaluated was 53.7 out of 100. Those physicians working in larger size units and graduated before the year 2000 tend to receive lower scores. CONCLUSIONS. The use of chronic kidney disease as a tracer of the technical capacity of the Mexican health care system is useful to understand the problems of primary care in the country´s public settings

Comparative estimates of crude coverage of the Mexican immunization program: Findings from a national survey

The purpose of the study is to provide estimates for immunization coverage, considering single-dose and schemes (three or five vaccines), by comparing self-report method to immunization cards, while also assessing the timeliness of immunization in Mexico, with reference to Mexican Immunization Program guidelines.Data on immunization was obtained from the Mexican Immunization Survey conducted in 2017 that aimed to assess crude (card-based) coverage at the regional level. Timely immunization was defined with reference to National Immunization Program guidelines, and immunization coverage was defined as a three or five vaccine scheme, based on previous national reports of immunization coverage. Immunization coverage estimates account for sample weights from the complex survey design. We used weighted immunization coverage estimates to assess the extent to which immunization cards and self-reporting concurred.It was found that most Mexican children are not receiving their full vaccine schedule in a timely manner. Concerning children under twelve months of age, the coverage targets for National Immunization of 95 % was not reached for either vaccine, and only 2.94 % (95 % CI 0.92–9.01) who had been receiving a three-vaccine scheme were considered as fully immunized in a timely manner. In contrast, coverage increased to 33.94 % (95 % CI 26.99–41.66), when untimely immunizations were taken into account, and the 95 % target was reached for five vaccines. Likewise, there is little correlation between self-report and immunization cards but rates show more concurrence, when only considering the proportion of true positives.In conclusion it was find that children at a local level are vaccinated in an incomplete and untimely manner. In order to improve immunization systems, a nominal registry of administered doses is thus of paramount importance. There is a need to address underlying health inequalities, as well as the factors associated with these, resulting in improved chances of a disease-free childhood and healthy life

Una estimación indirecta de las desigualdades actuales y futuras en la frecuencia de la enfermedad renal crónica terminal en México An indirect estimation of current and future inequalities in the frequency of end stage renal disease in Mexico

OBJETIVO. Describir las desigualdades actuales y futuras de la enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT) en México, que se presentan entre grupos de entidades federativas con diferentes grados de marginación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Partiendo de una estimación indirecta de la incidencia, prevalencia, mortalidad y duración promedio que realizamos en 2009, presentamos datos agrupados de acuerdo con el grado de marginación estatal. Medimos la desigualdad con el Índice de Concentración de Salud. RESULTADOS. Encontramos desigualdades crecientes entre 2005 y 2025 en las tasas de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad, así como en la duración promedio de los casos. CONCLUSIÓN. Para 2025 esperamos importantes incrementos en la prevalencia de la ERCT que afectarán en mayor medida a los estados más marginados, lo que aumentará la inequidad presente en este problema de salud y representará importantes retos para el financiamiento de los servicios de salud, si no se incide sobre las causas y la progresión hacia la ERCT.OBJECTIVE. To describe current and future health inequalities in End Stage Renal Disease in Mexico (ESRD) in Mexican states with varying degrees of marginality. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Using results, obtained by us in 2009, of an indirect estimation of incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates, and of the average case duration, we grouped these data according to the social deprivation level of the Mexican states. We measured health inequalities using the Health Concentration Index. RESULTS. We found rising inequalities, between 2005 and 2025, in ESRD incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as in the average duration of cases. CONCLUSION. We project an important increase in the prevalence of ESRD for 2025 which will be greater in the Mexican states with more marginality. This will increase health inequities already present and represent important challenges for health care financing, especially if no action is taken to control the causes and progression of ESRD