Dismorfia Muscular: Fatores preditivos e protetores em adolescentes

The Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is a subcategory of body dysmorphic disorder in which subjects develop a pathological concern for their musculature. The population at risk that suffers from, or can develop MD, prevails in terms of age of appearance in subjects between 16 to 35 years; and it is more frequent in men. This study aimed to determine which variables of the personality, gender identity and passion (harmonious or obsessive) allow to predict MD in adolescents through the Adonis Complex (AC) Scale. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 506 subjects between 16 and 21 years (M=18.20; SD=1.72). The higher correlation was between AC and Emotional Control in men, and impulse control in women. Then a binary logistic regression analysis was performed and model yielded R2=.176 (X2=47.95 (16) <.001) and classified correctly in 88.5% of cases. Results of the analysis showed that harmonious passion (β=-.028, p=.046) and emotional control (β=-.616, p=.002) are protective variables while obsessive passion (β =.065, p=.013) and scrupulosity (β =.344, p=.046) were risk factors. The results show the importance of performing interventions aimed at the prevention of DM, starting from the relevance of working emotional control and harmonious passion in this stage of life and training.La Dismorfia Muscular (DM) es una subcategoría del trastorno dismórfico corporal en el que los sujetos desarrollan una preocupación patológica por su musculatura. La población en riesgo que sufre o puede desarrollar DM prevalece en términos de edad de aparición en sujetos de entre 16 y 35 años; Y es más frecuente en los hombres. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar qué variables de la personalidad, la identidad de género y la pasión (armoniosa u obsesiva) permiten predecir la DM en adolescentes a través de la Escala del Complejo de Adonis (CA). Se realizó un estudio transversal en 506 sujetos entre 16 y 21 años (M = 18.20; SD = 1.72). La mayor correlación fue entre CA y Control emocional en hombres y control de impulsos en mujeres. Luego se realizó un análisis de regresión logística binaria y el modelo produjo R2 = .176 (X2 = 47.95 (16) <.001) y se clasificó correctamente en el 88.5% de los casos. Los resultados del análisis mostraron que la pasión armoniosa (β = -. 028, p = .046) y el control emocional (β = - .616, p = .002) son variables protectoras mientras que la pasión obsesiva (β = .065, p =. 013) y escrupulosidad (β = .344, p = .046) fueron factores de riesgo. Los resultados muestran la importancia de realizar intervenciones dirigidas a la prevención de la DM, a partir de la relevancia del control emocional de trabajo y la pasión armoniosa en esta etapa de la vida y la formación.A dismorfia muscular (DM) é uma subcategoria do transtorno dismórfico corporal em que os indivíduos desenvolvem uma preocupação patológica pela sua musculatura. A população em risco que sofre ou pode desenvolver DM prevalece em termos de idade de aparecimento em indivíduos entre 16 a 35 anos; e é mais frequente nos homens. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar quais variáveis da personalidade, identidade de gênero e paixão (harmoniosa ou obsessiva) permitem prever a DM em adolescentes por meio da Escala do Complexo de Adônis (CA). Um estudo transversal foi realizado em 506 sujeitos entre 16 e 21 anos (M = 18,20; SD = 1,72). A maior correlação foi entre CA e Controle Emocional em homens e controle de impulso em mulheres. Em seguida, foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística binária e o modelo rendeu R2 = .176 (X2 = 47,95 (16) <0,001) e classificado corretamente em 88,5% dos casos. Os resultados da análise mostraram que a paixão harmoniosa (β = -. 028, p =, 046) e controle emocional (β = -. 616, p = 0,002) são variáveis de proteção, enquanto paixão obsessiva (β = .065, p =. 013) e escrupulosidade (β =, 344, p =, 046) foram fatores de risco. Os resultados mostram a importância da realização de intervenções voltadas à prevenção do DM, a partir da relevância do controle emocional do trabalho e da paixão harmoniosa nesta etapa da vida e do treinamento.Medicin

Changes in physical fitness and body fat percentage: efects of a program focusing on health habits in children from 10 to 12 years old

Evaluar los efectos de un Programa de Hábitos Saludables (PHS), basado en la práctica de actividad física en escolares entre 10 y 12 años. Material y Método: 158 estudiantes (edad: 10.66 ±.71 años), repartidos en Grupo Control (GC) (n=76) y Grupo Intervención (GI) (n=82), participaron en el estudio. El GI participó en el PHS, y el GC continuó con su rutina diaria. Todos los participantes estaban escolarizados en centros educativos del este de España (Comunidad Valenciana, España). El PHS consistió en 2 sesiones semanales extraescolares de 75 minutos (10 min de clase teórica sobre hábitos saludables, 60 min de práctica de actividad física utilizando juegos tematizados y 5 min de vuelta a la calma) durante 8 meses. Se administró material didáctico y se involucró y reforzó a los padres mediante 3 charlas. Se evaluó el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) y la condición física mediante las pruebas validadas de la Batería EUROFIT, Salto de Longitud (SL), Agilidad, Sit and Reach (SR) y Course Navette (CN). Resultados: El GI mejoró sus puntuaciones en todas las variables, existiendo diferencias significativas y obteniéndose un alto tamaño del efecto en PGC (p< .001; ηp2 228); SL (p= .021; ηp2 034); y CN (p< .001; ηp2 211); no existiendo diferencias significativas, pero sí una tendencia en SR (p= .051; ηp2.24). Conclusiones: El PHS consiguió mejorar el PGC de los escolares y aumentar su condición física de forma notable, lo que parece demostrar que, con solo 140 minutos semanales extras de Actividad Física y Educación en Hábitos Saludables, se podrían conseguir grandes beneficios sobre la salud futura de nuestros escolares.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Healthy Habits Program (HHP). This is a school-based program focusing on health habits taught through physical exercise for children between 10 and 12 years old. Methods: The participants were 158 children (Control Group [CG] n=76; Intervention Group [IG] n=82) with an average age of 10.66 ±.71. The students from de IG took part in the HHP (out of school hours) and the students from de CG continued with their daily routine. All participants were enrolled in primary schools in Eastern Spain (Valencian Community, Spain). The HHP lasted for 8 months and the sessions were of 70 minutes, 2 days per week (the session started with 10 minutes of theorical class about healthy habits, followed by 55 minutes of practice with thematic games, and 5 minutes of cool down with games. We designed specific material for the children and there were 3 talks for the parents. The variables evaluated were the body fat percentage and the physical fitness using 4 EUROFIT tests: Standing Broad Jump, 10x5 meter Shuttle-run, Sit-and-Reach and 20 m endurance Shuttle-run. Results: ANCOVA analysis showed Significant differences in Body Fat Percentage (p< .001; ηp2 228), Standing Broad Jump (p= .021; ηp2 034) and 20 m endurance Shuttle-Run (p< .001; ηp2 211) for the IG; No significant differences were obtained in Sit and Reach (p= .051; ηp2 .24) but there was an improvement in the IG. Conclusion: The PHS managed to improve the Body Fat Percentage of schoolchildren and increase their physical condition significantly, so it can show that 140 extra weekly minutes of exercise and Healthy Habits Instruction it is enough to improve the future health of our students.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Resistance training of peripheral muscles benefits respiratory parameters in older women with sarcopenia: Randomized controlled trial

Ageing entails a decrease in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which also affects respiratory function. Physical exercise is an appropriate intervention to treat both conditions. This study aims to assess the efficacy of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on clinical parameters of respiratory function and health-related quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling older women with sarcopenia.Medicin

Improved Nutritional Knowledge in the Obese AdultPopulation Modifies Eating Habits and Serum andAnthropometric Markers

Multicomponent lifestyle interventions achieve good results in the management of obesity among the adult population. However, their implementation in certain populations poses difficulties. A good level of nutritional knowledge enables people to make changes in their diet that improve their health. This study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge and nutritional parameters such as dietary intake, anthropometric parameters and biomarkers. A before-after, non-randomized interventional study involving a two-monthly nutritional educational intervention was carried out over 8 months. Anthropometric and biomarker data were collected, and nutritional knowledge was evaluated using the Bach questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The study comprised 66 overweight and obese adults with mean age of 50.23 years. Females predominated (84.8%). At the end of the intervention, nutritional knowledge increased significantly, with a significant reduction in the consumption of sweets, soft drinks, high-fat products, and processed meats, and an increase in the intake of lean meat and poultry. A 3% decrease in body weight was observed. An intervention for the management of obesity in the adult population based on nutritional education achieves weight loss, modifications in eating habits and reduction of fat intake. Increased nutritional knowledge is associated with healthier eating habits and a decreased cardiovascular risk.Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirMedicin

Lifestyle and physical condition factors associated with gender-specific BMI in Spanish preadolescents.

La obesidad se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud más graves de la sociedad y se relaciona con multitud de afecciones y complicaciones en la pubertad. Mediante este estudio descriptivo, transversal y poblacional se pretende, en primer lugar, conocer las diferencias entre las variables del estilo de vida y la condición física de cada género y, en segundo lugar, conocer los determinantes relacionados con el estilo de vida y la condición física en una población española de 10 a 12 años de edad con nivel socioeconómico medio. Las variables analizadas fueron el IMC, las variables de condición física (agilidad, flexibilidad y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria) y las variables de los hábitos de salud (calidad y frecuencia alimentaria, práctica de actividad física, sedentarismo y descanso nocturno). Encontramos diferencias significativas entre chicas y chicos para las variables de calidad y frecuencia alimentarias, actividad física, sedentarismo, flexibilidad y consumo máximo de oxígeno. En el análisis predictivo, los modelos predijeron significativamente el IMC de la muestra total, del grupo de chicos y del grupo de chicas, siendo las variables explicativas la calidad del desayuno, el sedentarismo de pantalla, el VO2 máx y la agilidad.Obesity has become one of the most serious health problems in our society and is associated with a multitude of conditions and complications at puberty. Through this descriptive, cross-sectional study we intended, first, to know the differences by gender in lifestyle and physical condition variables, and second, to know the determinants related to lifestyle and physical condition for a Spanish population aged 10 to 12 years with a medium socioeconomic status. The variables analyzed were BMI, physical condition variables (agility, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity), and health habit variables (quality and frequency of food, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep duration). We found significant differences between girls and boys in food quality and frequency, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, flexibility, and maximum oxygen consumption variables. In the predictive analysis, the models significantly predicted the BMI for the total sample, the group of boys, and the group of girls. Explanatory variables include quality of breakfast, sedentary lifestyle, VO2 max and agility.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

The Role of Imaging Biomarkers in the Assessment of Sarcopenia

The diagnosis of sarcopenia through clinical assessment has some limitations. The literature advises studies that include objective markers along with clinical assessment in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic criteria. The decrease of muscle quality precedes the loss of quantity, so we studied the role magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers as indicators of the quantity and quality of muscle in sarcopenia patients.This work was supported by a grant from Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir (grant number 2018-158-002) to APM. JBI is in receipt of a Generalitat Valenciana doctoral fellowship (grant number ACIF 2017/126. The APC was funded by Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir.Medicin

Physical fitness in young Chilean soccer and non-football players by chronological age and maturity stage

Durante el periodo de la adolescencia se producen cambios en el crecimiento y la composición corporal, siendo importante identificar las diferencias individuales de madurez entre los adolescentes. En el caso de los futbolistas, estos podrían evidenciar mejor aptitud física que sus similares no-futbolistas. El objetivo consiste en comparar la aptitud física de jóvenes futbolistas vs no futbolistas, según edad cronológica y estado de madurez.During the adolescent period, changes ingrowth and body composition occur, and it is important toidentify individual differences in maturity among adolescents. In the case of soccer players, they may show better physicalfitness than their non-football players. The aim is to compare the physical fitness of young soccer players vs non-football players, according to chronologicalage and maturity status.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Efetividade de um programa de auto-condicionamento miofascial na dor, depressão, ansiedade e qualidade do sono em pessoas com fibromialgia.

Self-myofascial release can facilitate the diminution or disappearance of the intense pain perceived by the nerve endings located in the myofascial tissue. According to some researchers, fibromyalgia (FM) can be directly related to the "central sensitization" theory. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of a self-myofascial conditioning programme on pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of sleep in people diagnosed with Fibromyalgia (FM). A single-blind randomized controlled trial with parallel-group study was designed. The sample, consisting of 66 people diagnosed with FM, was randomly assigned to intervention (n = 33; age = 50.57±7.14) and control groups (n = 33; age = 57.4±4.52). Subjects in the intervention group took part in a self-myofascial conditioning programme, which consisted of 40 sessions of 50 minutes each. Pre and post-intervention measurements were taken. Results were obtained by a 2x2 ANOVA for repeated measures with two factors (time and group). Results show that, after completing the programme, subjects in the intervention group had seen a significant decrease in general pain (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.197), level of depression (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.128), state (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.204) and trait anxiety (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.174), as well as three subscales related to the quality of sleep, such as “sleep subjective quality” (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.144), “habitual sleep efficiency” (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.129) and “daily dysfunction” (P < 0.001; η2p = 0.277). These results indicate that participating in a self-myofascial conditioning programme regularly and under the control of a physical education and sport professional can affect patients with FM positively both physically and psychologically.La autoliberación miofascial puede facilitar la disminución o desaparición del dolor intenso percibido por las terminaciones nerviosas localizadas en el tejido miofascial. Según algunos investigadores, la fibromialgia (FM) puede estar directamente relacionado con la teoría de la "sensibilización central". El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la efectividad de la aplicación de un programa de autoacondicionamiento miofascial sobre el dolor, la depresión, la ansiedad y la calidad del sueño en personas diagnosticadas con fibromialgia (FM). Se diseñó un ensayo aleatorizado controlado, simple ciego, con grupos paralelos. La muestra, compuesta por 66 personas con diagnóstico de fibromialgia, se asignó al azar a los grupos de intervención (n = 33; edad = 50.57±7.14) y control (n = 33; edad = 57.4±4.52). Los sujetos del grupo intervención participaron en un programa de autoacondicionamiento miofascial compuesto por un total de 40 sesiones de 50 minutos cada una de ellas. Se tomaron medidas pre y post intervención. Los resultados se obtuvieron mediante un ANOVA 2x2 de medidas repetidas con dos factores (tiempo y grupo). Los resultados muestran que, después de completar el programa, los sujetos del grupo intervención obtuvieron una disminución significativa en el dolor general (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.197), el nivel de depresión (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.128), la ansiedad-estado (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.204) y rasgo (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.174), así como en tres subescalas relacionadas con la calidad del sueño, como son la "calidad subjetiva del sueño" (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.144), la "eficiencia habitual del sueño" (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.129) y la "disfunción diaria ”( P < 0.001; η2p = 0.277). Estos resultados indican que participar en un programa de autoacondicionamiento miofascial regularmente, bajo el control de un profesional de educación física y deporte, puede afectar positivamente a los pacientes con FM tanto física como psicológicamente.A auto-liberação miofascial pode facilitar a diminuição ou o desaparecimento da dor intensa percebida pelas terminações nervosas localizadas no tecido miofascial. Segundo alguns pesquisadores, a fibromialgia (FM) pode estar diretamente relacionada à teoria da "sensibilização central". O presente estudo tem como objetivo determinar a eficácia da aplicação de um programa de auto-condicionamento miofascial na dor, depressão, ansiedade e qualidade do sono em pessoas diagnosticadas com fibromialgia (FM). Realizouse un estudo aleatorizado e controlado, simples-cego, com grupos paralelos. A amostra, composta por 66 pessoas com diagnóstico de fibromialgia, foi randomizada para os grupos intervenção (n = 33; idade = 50.57±7.14) e controle (n = 33; idade = 57.4±4.52). Os sujeitos do grupo de intervenção participaram de um programa de auto- condicionamento miofascial composto por um total de 40 sessões de 50 minutos cada. Medidas de intervenção pré e pós foram tomadas. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de uma ANOVA 2x2 de medidas repetidas com dois fatores (tempo e grupo). Os resultados mostram que, após o término do programa, os sujeitos do grupo de intervenção obtiveram uma diminuição significativa na dor geral (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.197), o nível de depressão (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.128), estado de ansiedade (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.204) e traço (P < 0.01; η2p = 0.174), assim como em três subescalas relacionadas à qualidade do sono, como a "qualidade subjetiva do sono" (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.144), a "eficiência habitual do sono" (P < 0.05; η2p = 0.129) e "disfunção diária" (P < 0.001; η2p = 0.277). Esses resultados indicam que participar de um programa de auto-condicionamento miofascial regularmente, sob o controle de um profissional de educação física e esportes, pode afetar positivamente os pacientes com FM fisicamente e psicologicamente.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Efectos de un programa de intervención (PHS) para la mejora de los hábitos saludables en la primera adolescencia.

Background: it is vital to monitor and promote healthy lifestyle habits in early adolescence, as it is a time of changes when future lifestyle habits are formed. Methods: a study was conducted to find out the effects of a Healthy Habits Program (HHP) in children between the ages of 10 and 12 years (N = 158). The study included an intervention group (IG) (n = 90), which participated in the HHP for 8 months, and a control group (CG) (n = 100). In order to assess healthy habits in these children we used the Inventory of Healthy Habits (IHH), the reliability of which was previously evaluated (N = 134). Results: the IHH obtained good reliability, Interclass Correlation Coefficient (range .506 - 884; p < .001) and Spearman Correlation Coefficient (range r = 529 - 884; p < .001). As regards the HHP, there were no differences in eating habits initially (p = .564), but by the end of the study (p = .001) the IG showed better habits. As for the other healthy habits indicators, the CG had better habits initially (p = .047), but the score of the IG improved and there were no differences between the groups at the end of the study. Conclusions: it was shown that the IHH is a suitable and reliable questionnaire for studying habits in adolescents. The HHP brought about changes in the IG, which achieved better scores for eating habits and sum of health habits.Introducción: la vigilancia y promoción de los hábitos de vida saludables en la primera adolescencia resulta vital, por ser una etapa de cambios y configuración de futuros hábitos de vida. Metodologia: se realizaron dos estudios en niños entre 10-12 años de edad. El primero sobre la fiabilidad del Inventario de Hábitos Saludables (IHS) (N = 134), y el segundo de diseño cuasi-experimental (N = 158), para el estudio pre-post de los efectos del Programa de Hábitos Saludables (PHS). Los hábitos se midieron con el IHS; el grupo de intervención (GI) (n = 90) participó en el PHS durante 8 meses, y el (GC) (n = 100). Resultados: el IHS obtuvo una buena fiabilidad, siendo el índice de correlación interclase (rango .506 - 884; p < 0,001) y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (rango r = 529 - 884; p < .001). Respecto al PHS, no existieron diferencias de alimentación previas (p = 0,564), pero sí al final del mismo (p = 0,001), a favor del GI. Del resto de indicadores de hábitos saludables, el GC tenía mejores hábitos iniciales (p = 0,047), pero el GI mejoró su puntuación, no existiendo diferencias finales entre grupos. Conclusiones: el IHS resultó ser un cuestionario adaptado y fiable para el estudio de los hábitos en adolescentes. El PHS provocó cambios en el GI, consiguiendo mejores puntuaciones en alimentación y sumatorio de hábitos saludables.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Validity of bodily-rhythmic coordination field test for obese people

Monleón, C., Pablos, A., Carnide, F., Martín, M., Veloso, A., & Pablos, C. (2015). Validity of bodily-rhythmic coordination field test for obese people. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 10(2), pp.629-637. Coordination is one of the most important skills in humans' relationship with the environment, alongside others such as endurance, strength, flexibility, and memory. However, despite there are many tools to measure these latter functional capabilities, the assessment of rhythmic coordination tests require sophisticated and expensive materials, or are specific to certain forms of dance. The purpose of this study is to show a new test for measuring rhythmic coordination in any person, in order to prove its validity and usefulness in the field of physical activity and health. Methods: Twenty women obese participants aged 50.63 ± 11.48 with body mass index (BMI) 38.61 ± 5.19 participated in this study. The test procedures were developed in a square circuit. The test was video recorded with a fixed camera for post-hoc observation purposes. A binary subdivision music track was chose (due to the simplicity beat) and the basic motor skill march was performed in which arms- legs-time musical coordination is important. Results: The results showed a moderate to good reliability and validity for the rhythmic-bodily coordination. These results show that observers had good accuracy in observing and evaluating the rhythmic-bodily coordination. Conclusion: The results obtained show that this test is presented as an objective, valid and reliable tool to assess the rhythmic-bodily coordination for people with obesity.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport