Relationship of query volume and advertising expenditure (ad bid) for CNS drugs and diseases searches.

<p>A-D) show the average monthly searches (Y axis) for CNS drugs or diseases and the suggested ad bid (X axis, in log scale) for either drugs or diseases for searches in Google or Bing/Yahoo. In each graph, queries that are in the top represent the people’s interest (searches) while the queries that are in the right side represent the health industry’s interest (suggested ad bid). E-H) show data for Google (<i>g</i>) or Bing/Yahoo (<i>b</i>) in log scale for searches of neurological diseases. Comparisons are done using the total search spend (E), the Google competition against bid (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0178019#sec006" target="_blank">Methods</a> for definition) (F), the average monthly searches for Google and Bing/Yahoo (G), and the average monthly searches against the advertising spend for Google (H).</p

Bifurcation diagram vs et.

<p>The parameters used are .</p

Bifurcation diagram vs .

<p>Parameter values are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010823#pone-0010823-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p

Scatterplot showing dispersion and linear regression of quadrant PD depression vs GCL thickness in the right (A) and left (B) eyes of all patients.

<p>PD depression vs RNFL thickness is shown for the right (C) and left (D) eyes.</p

Clinical features of patients with visual field defects secondary to retro-geniculate visual pathway lesions.

<p>Clinical features of patients with visual field defects secondary to retro-geniculate visual pathway lesions.</p

Average monthly searches and bid price of neurological diseases and CNS drugs.

<p>A) Figure shows the top 15 diseases (blue bars) and its suggested ad bid (green bars, in USD) searched in the Bing/Yahoo and Google search engines. Full names and well accepted acronyms were used for the analysis. Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; PSP: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; AD: Alzheimer Disease; IBM: Inclusion-Body Myositis; ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. B) Figure shows the top 15 drugs with their indication (blue bars) and suggested ad bid (green bars, in USD) searched in the Bing/Yahoo and Google search engines.</p

VF greyscale plot (A, B), RGC and RNFL thickness (C, D) of patient 3 (A, C) and patient 6 (B, D).

<p>* Sample correlated OCT segments with corresponding VF quadrant.</p

Lesions in the Posterior Visual Pathway Promote Trans-Synaptic Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) has been proposed as one of the mechanisms contributing to permanent disability after visual pathway damage. We set out to test this mechanism taking advantage of the new methods for imaging the macula with high resolution by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with lesions in the posterior visual pathway. Additionally, we explored the association between thinning of GCL as an imaging marker of visual impairment such as visual field defects.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Retrospective case note review of patients with retrogeniculate lesions studied by spectral domain OCT of the macula and quadrant pattern deviation (PD) of the visual fields.</p><p>Results</p><p>We analysed 8 patients with either hemianopia or quadrantanopia due to brain lesions (stroke  = 5; surgery  = 2; infection  = 1). We found significant thinning of the GCL in the projecting sector of the retina mapping to the brain lesion. Second, we found strong correlation between the PD of the visual field quadrant and the corresponding macular GCL sector for the right (R = 0.792, p<0.001) and left eyes (R = 0.674, p<0.001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The mapping between lesions in the posterior visual pathway and their projection in the macula GCL sector corroborates retrograde trans-synaptic neuronal degeneration after brain injury as a mechanism of damage with functional consequences. This finding supports the use of GCL thickness as an imaging marker of trans-synaptic degeneration in the visual pathway after brain lesions.</p></div

A new model for receptor induced apoptosis.

<p>A new model for receptor induced apoptosis.</p

Bifurcation diagram vs .

<p>The remaining parameters are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010823#pone-0010823-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5</a> and .</p