HMGB1-Induced Cross Talk between PTEN and miRs 221/222 in Thyroid Cancer

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an ubiquitous protein that plays different roles in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extra-cellular space. It is an important DAMP molecule that allows communication between damaged or tumor cells and the immune system. Tumor cells exploit HMGB1’s ability to activate intracellular pathways that lead to cell growth and migration. Papillary thyroid cancer is a well differentiated tumor and is often used to study relationships between cells and the inflammatory microenvironment as the latter is characterized by high levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers in which many microRNAs and tumor suppressor genes are de-regulated. Up-regulation of microRNAs 221 and 222 has been shown to induce the malignant phenotype in many human cancers via inhibition of PTEN expression. In this study we suggest that extracellular HMGB1 interaction with RAGE enhances expression of oncogenic cluster miR221/222 that in turn inhibits tumor suppressor gene PTEN in two cell lines derived from human thyroid anaplastic and papillary cancers. The newly identified pathway HMGB1/RAGE/miR 221/222 may represent an effective way of tumor escape from immune surveillance that could be used to develop new therapeutic strategies against anaplastic tumors

Medicina di laboratorio - La diagnosi di malattia nel laboratorio clinico: collaborazione traduzione

Medicina di laboratorio - La diagnosi di malattia nel laboratorio clinic

Synergism among flavonoids in inhibiting platelet aggregation and H2O2 production

[No abstract available

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Neuroendovascular Procedures

Dual antiplatelet therapy is currently used in clinical practice to prevent thrombotic events during and after neuroendovascular procedures. </p><p> Despite antiplatelet therapy, a significant number of patients show insufficient platelet inhibition, as measured by laboratory tests. These patients are at greater risk of developing thrombotic events than are patients sensitive to the treatment. This phenomenon is known as "antiplatelet drug resistance". The mechanisms that influence the individual response to antiplatelet therapy are not completely understood and are likely to be multifactorial. </p><p> Several platelet function tests have been developed to monitor antiplatelet therapy and may assist in adjusting it to improve outcomes in patients with antiplatelet drug resistance. Nevertheless, the optimal management for these patients has not yet been established. This chapter summarizes information on the available antiplatelet drugs currently used in neuroendovascular procedures, the commonly used tools for platelet function testing and the potential mechanisms underlying suboptimal platelet inhibition by aspirin and clopidogrel