A relação trabalho-saúde de enfermeiros do PSF no município de São Paulo La relacion trabajo/salud de las enfermeras del programa salud de la familia en lo municipio de São Paulo Nurses'job and its relations to health in the family health program

Este estudo tomou como objeto a relação trabalho/saúde dos enfermeiros do PSF e como objetivo compreender as características do trabalho desses enfermeiros e a relação entre os processos de fortalecimento e de desgaste que neles se expressam. Foram entrevistadas 16 enfermeiras de UBS de São Paulo. As formas de trabalhar das entrevistadas foram analisadas conforme as categorias: processo de trabalho, exploração da subjetividade, polivalência, desgaste e fortalecimento, verificando-se, em cada uma delas, os potenciais de fortalecimento e de desgaste gerados. O fortalecimento advém principalmente da relação prazerosa com o objeto/finalidade do trabalho e com o trabalho em si. As enfermeiras convivem com a expectativa das suas potencialidades para solucionar problemas e ao mesmo tempo com a impossibilidade de oferecer respostas à população. O desgaste se concretiza em cansaço físico e mental, levando à hipertensão, alergias, dores de estômago e outros.<br>El objeto de este estudio fue la relación trabajo/salud de las enfermeras del Programa Salud de la Familia. El objetivo fue comprender las características del trabajo de esas enfermeras y la relación entre los procesos de fortalecimiento y de desgaste que manifestaron. Fueron entrevistadas 16 enfermeras que trabajan en unidades básicas de salud de São Paulo. Se analizaron las formas de trabajar según: proceso de trabajo, exploración de la subjetividad, polivalencia, desgaste y fortalecimiento. El potencial de fortalecimiento provino principalmente de la relación agradable con el objeto/finalidad del trabajo y con el trabajo en sí. Las enfermeras conviven con la expectativa de sus potencialidades para solucionar problemas y al mismo tiempo con la imposibilidad de encontrar respuestas para los problemas de la población. El desgaste se manifestó en la debilidad física y mental, que originó hipertensión, alergias, dolor de estómago, entre otras.<br>The object of this study is nurses' job and its relation to their health in the Family Health Program and objective was to comprehend the characteristics of nurses' job. Sixteen nurses who work in Basic Health Units in São Paulo city were interviewed in 2007. The nurses' ways of working were analyzed according to: working process, subjectivity, polyvalence, consuming and strengthening process. The strengthening process comes from the pleasant and rewarding relation between object and purpose of work which is acquired from most of the time done individually. Nurses are committed to the job and handle with the expectation of their ability to solve problems as well as with the impossibility of finding a solution for people's problems. The usual discontinuity of tasks in progress and the development of activities they are not designated to, causes stress, agony and exacerbation. The consuming process causes physical and mental weakness that leads to health problems

Optimised versus standard dosing of vancomycin in infants with Gram-positive sepsis (NeoVanc): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2b, non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin is the most widely used antibiotic for neonatal Gram-positive sepsis, but clinical outcome data of dosing strategies are scarce. The NeoVanc programme comprised extensive preclinical studies to inform a randomised controlled trial to assess optimised vancomycin dosing. We compared the efficacy of an optimised regimen to a standard regimen in infants with late onset sepsis that was known or suspected to be caused by Gram-positive microorganisms. METHODS: NeoVanc was an open-label, multicentre, phase 2b, parallel-group, randomised, non-inferiority trial comparing the efficacy and toxicity of an optimised regimen of vancomycin to a standard regimen in infants aged 90 days or younger. Infants with at least three clinical or laboratory sepsis criteria or confirmed Gram-positive sepsis with at least one clinical or laboratory criterion were enrolled from 22 neonatal intensive care units in Greece, Italy, Estonia, Spain, and the UK. Infants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the optimised regimen (25 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 15 mg/kg every 12 h or 8 h dependent on postmenstrual age, for 5 ± 1 days) or the standard regimen (no loading dose; 15 mg/kg every 24 h, 12 h, or 8 h dependent on postmenstrual age for 10 ± 2 days). Vancomycin was administered intravenously via 60 min infusion. Group allocation was not masked to local investigators or parents. The primary endpoint was success at the test of cure visit (10 ± 1 days after the end of actual vancomycin therapy) in the per-protocol population, where success was defined as the participant being alive at the test of cure visit, having a successful outcome at the end of actual vancomycin therapy, and not having a clinically or microbiologically significant relapse or new infection requiring antistaphylococcal antibiotics for more than 24 h within 10 days of the end of actual vancomycin therapy. The non-inferiority margin was -10%. Safety was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02790996). FINDINGS: Between March 3, 2017, and July 29, 2019, 242 infants were randomly assigned to the standard regimen group (n=122) or the optimised regimen group (n=120). Primary outcome data in the per-protocol population were available for 90 infants in the optimised group and 92 in the standard group. 64 (71%) of 90 infants in the optimised group and 73 (79%) of 92 in the standard group had success at test of cure visit; non-inferiority was not confirmed (adjusted risk difference -7% [95% CI -15 to 2]). Incomplete resolution of clinical or laboratory signs after 5 ± 1 days of vancomycin therapy was the main factor contributing to clinical failure in the optimised group. Abnormal hearing test results were recorded in 25 (30%) of 84 infants in the optimised group and 12 (15%) of 79 in the standard group (adjusted risk ratio 1·96 [95% CI 1·07 to 3·59], p=0·030). There were six vancomycin-related adverse events in the optimised group (one serious adverse event) and four in the standard group (two serious adverse events). 11 infants in the intention-to-treat population died (six [6%] of 102 infants in the optimised group and five [5%] of 98 in the standard group). INTERPRETATION: In the largest neonatal vancomycin efficacy trial yet conducted, no clear clinical impact of a shorter duration of treatment with a loading dose was demonstrated. The use of the optimised regimen cannot be recommended because a potential hearing safety signal was identified; long-term follow-up is being done. These results emphasise the importance of robust clinical safety assessments of novel antibiotic dosing regimens in infants. FUNDING: EU Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration

Clinical characteristics and genotype-phenotype correlation in 62 patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia

10.1007/s10875-009-9341-5Journal of Clinical Immunology301121-131JCIM

Persistence of oxidant and protease burden in the airways after smoking cessation.

Background:Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke related lung diseases, but longitudinal effects of smoking cessation on oxidant markers in the airways are unknown. Methods: This study included 61 smokers; 21 with chronic bronchitis or COPD, 15 asthmatics and 25 asymptomatic smokers followed up for 3 months after smoking cessation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), sputum neutrophil counts, sputum 8-isoprostane, nitrotyrosine and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were investigated at baseline and 1 and 3 months after smoking cessation. Results: After 3 months 15 subjects had succeeded in quitting of smoking and in these subjects symptoms improved significantly. Unexpectedly, however, sputum neutrophils increased (p = 0.046) after smoking cessation in patients with chronic bronchitis/COPD. At baseline, the other markers did not differ between the three groups so these results were combined for further analysis. Sputum 8-isoprostane declined significantly during the follow-up at 3 months (p = 0.035), but levels still remained significantly higher than in non-smokers. The levels of FeNO, nitrotyrosine and MMP-8 did not change significantly during the 3 months after smoking cessation. Conclusion: Whilst symptoms improve after smoking cessation, the oxidant and protease burden in the airways continues for months