Principales zoonoses bactériennes transmises par le chien et le chat à l homme et les méthodes de prévention associées

En France, les chiens et les chats sont les animaux de compagnie les plus répandus. Parmi les clients de l officine, plus de la moitié possèdent un carnivore domestique. Même si la population à conscience de la transmission inter-humaines de certaines maladies, la plupart des propriétaires d animaux ne connaissent pas les risques de transmission de pathologies infectieuses bactériennes via leur animal de compagnie. Le pharmacien d officine est l un des acteurs de santé publique pouvant contribuer à la prévention de la transmission de zoonose en sensibilisant les propriétaires d animaux de compagnie. Les contacts rapprochés avec l animal et l infestation par des parasites sont souvent des facteurs favorisants ; c est pourquoi il est important de rappeler que l hygiène et la lutte contre les parasites externes restent les principales méthodes de prévention contre les zoonoses bactériennes transmises par nos animaux de compagnie. D autre part, l attention du professionnel de santé devra se porter tout particulièrement sur les risques pour la femme enceinte, l enfant et l immunodéprimé. Ce travail a eu pour objectif de fournir une synthèse actualisée et utile au pharmacien d officine concernant les principales zoonoses bactériennes transmises par les carnivores domestiques : étiologie, épidémiologie, clinique et traitement. La dernière partie de ce travail concerne les différentes méthodes de prévention, et met en évidence l importance des mesures d hygiènes simples et de la lutte contre le parasitisme chez les carnivores domestiques.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Use of Antimicrobials in a French Veterinary Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for not only human health, but also for animal health. To preserve the efficacy of antibiotics, it has become essential to establish measures to regulate the prescription of antibiotics to ensure their prudent use. In France, these measures have been translated into regulations for animal health since 2015, with the publication of three important regulatory texts. The results obtained on a national scale in terms of reducing the use of antibiotics have been satisfactory. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences related to the prescription of antimicrobials at the veterinary teaching hospital of the Veterinary School of Lyon (CHUV) before and after the implementation of French regulations. Prescriptions and consumption of antimicrobials were examined, along with bacteriological analyses, for the period of 2014–2020, for companion animals and horses. The most frequently prescribed compounds were broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors, as well as first-generation cephalosporins tetracyclines and sulfamides. The prescription and consumption of critically important antibiotics (CIA) strongly decreased during the study period, with an increase of bacteriological analyses. This study shows the interest of having computerized tools to monitor the use of antimicrobials to implement corrective measures if needed

Relations entre cinéma, public et monde marin

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Retardateurs de flamme bromés et pertubation des équilibres endocriniens (métabolisme comparé in vitro du tétrabromobisphénol A chez l'homme et chez le rat)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux composés organiques et phosphorés contre les effets des rayonnements ionisants (étude de leur mécanisme d action in vitro)

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Quel avenir pour l'homéopathie et la phytothérapie en pratique vétérinaire courante ? (état des lieux de la recherche scientifique)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

VKORC1L1, an enzyme rescuing the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activity in some extrahepatic tissues during anticoagulation therapy

Vitamin K is involved in the -carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent proteins, and vitamin K epoxide is a by-product of this reaction. Due to the limited intake of vitamin K, its regeneration is necessary and involves vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) activity. This activity is known to be supported by VKORC1 protein, but recently a second gene, VKORC1L1, appears to be able to support this activity when the encoded protein is expressed in HEK293T cells. Nevertheless, this protein was described as being responsible for driving the vitamin K-mediated antioxidation pathways. In this paper we precisely analyzed the catalytic properties of VKORC1L1 when expressed in Pichia pastoris and more particularly its susceptibility to vitamin K antagonists. Vitamin K antagonists are also inhibitors of VKORC1L1, but this enzyme appears to be 50-fold more resistant to vitamin K antagonists than VKORC1. The expression of Vkorc1l1 mRNA was observed in all tissues assayed, i.e. in C57BL/6 wild type and VKORC1-deficient mouse liver, lung, and testis and rat liver, lung, brain, kidney, testis, and osteoblastic cells. The characterization of VKOR activity in extrahepatic tissues demonstrated that a part of the VKOR activity, more or less important according to the tissue, may be supported by VKORC1L1 enzyme especially in testis, lung, and osteoblasts. Therefore, the involvement of VKORC1L1 in VKOR activity partly explains the low susceptibility of some extrahepatic tissues to vitamin K antagonists and the lack of effects of vitamin K antagonists on the functionality of the vitamin K-dependent protein produced by extrahepatic tissues such as matrix Gla protein or osteocalcin

Zearalenone exposure modulates the expression of ABC transporters and nuclear receptors in pregnant rats and fetal liver

International audienceThe mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is produced by a variety of Fusarium fungi and contaminates numerous cereals, fruits and vegetables. Interacting with the estrogen receptors, ZEN and reduced metabolites zearalenols cause hormonal effects in animals. Few data are available on the effects of repeated exposure to ZEN, particularly during pregnancy. The aim of our work was to assess the impact of this toxin on the expression of ABC transporters and nuclear receptors in fetal liver and pregnant rats that were exposed daily (gestation day 7-20) to 1 mg/kg ZEN. Significant variations were observed, depending on the tissue type, the tissue origin (maternal or fetal), and the time of analysis after the last exposure to ZEN (4 h or 24 h). The modulations of expression were independent of the magnitude of tissue impregnation by ZEN and its metabolites. The maternal uterus was the most sensitive tissue: Abcb1a, Abcb1b and Abcg2 mRNA and protein expressions were induced at both times, while Abcc1, Abcc3 and Esr1 mRNA and protein expressions were inhibited then induced 4 h and 24 h after exposure, respectively. In the fetal liver, Abcb1a and Esr1 protein expression was inhibited at both times, while mRNA expression was induced 24 h after the last exposure to ZEN. These results suggested that ZEN exposure could impact maternal and fetal exposure to ABC transporters substrates, and influence fetus development through nuclear receptor modulation. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in healthy beagle dogs

International audienceMethotrexate may be an alternative to ciclosporin in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) as suggested by recent data. The aim of the study was to investigate both the tolerance and the pharmacokinetic behavior of methotrexate (MTX) in plasma, following intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c.) or oral (OR) administration over several weeks. Six healthy dogs were given oral MTX once a week, respectively, per dog at 2.5mg/1week, 5mg/4weeks, 7.5mg/3weeks, 10mg/6weeks and 12.5mg/5weeks. No clinically relevant abnormalities of laboratory parameters were noticed. A high inter-individual variation of MTX plasma concentration was observed with a suspicion of saturation phenomenon in absorption. To compare with other routes of administration, six healthy beagle dogs followed a crossover design study at 7.5mg per dog MTX. The absolute bioavailability was 93% for SC injection and 30% for the oral route. The inter-individual variability was quite low following SC administration compared to oral route. Just as in human, given the substantial variability of oral absorption, clinicians cannot assume consistent oral bioavailability of MTX. Therefore, they may consider switching dogs to the SC route in case of absence of clinical response with a weekly oral dose

Effect of Zearalenone gestational exposure: modulation of placenta cell differentiation and transport function

International audienc