A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries

SEASONAL INFLUENCE ON COLONY PERFORMANCE INDEX (CPI) IN APIS CERENA INDICA UNDER BANGALORE CONDITION

Five colonies of 4 frame strength A. cerana indica were studied for the colony performance index for a period of one month during different season's viz. rainy, winter and spring seasons. The peak foraging activity was assessed from 08:00 h to 12:00 h in respective seasons before recording CPI in the experimental colonies. The peak foraging activity was at 9:30 to 10:30 h, 10:00 to 11:00 h and 8:30 to 9:30 hours in rainy, winter and spring seasons respectively. The mean Colony Performance Index was 5.46 in rainy, 14.14 in winter and 7.28 in spring and these showed significant differences among themselves. There was significant increase in CPI for successive three weeks from the start of the experiment, irrespective of seasons

STUDIES ON THE ENDOPHYTIC PROPERTIES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) AGAINST BANANA PSEUDOSTEM WEEVIL, ODOIPOROUS LONGICOLLIS OLIVIER

Beauveria baisiona (Balsam()) Vuillemin, is a highly effective entomopathogenic for a wide range of insects, gaining commercial importance as a fungal bio pesticide. Artificial inoculation of entomopathoeenic B. hassiana as endophyte was successful in tissue culture banana plants. A number of studies have revealed the potential of B. bassiana for use against the banana pseudostem weevil, Odoiporous longeoilis in banana but the conventional application method of B. bassiana is impractical in terms of its cost of application. This can be significantly reduced by establishing its endophytic action through artificial inoculation in banana and plantain (Musa sp.) tissue culture. Based on this concept. a preliminary study was carried out under laboratory condition on the method of applicaiion of B. bassiana to establish its endophytic action, colonization rate at different parts of plant applied in various dosages and finally causing the mortality of banana weevil. The results revealed that,B. bassiana could be re-isolated from plant tissue up to four months when tissue-culture plantiets were exposed by injected, solid substrate and dipping method in a spore suspensioa of B. bassianu. The highest colonization of B. bassiana was recorded in the rhizome dippim.r method (77%) compared to injection method (59%) and solid substrate method (50%). Similarly, colonization Tate was increased proportionately with an increase of dosage and time of exposure