THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) GENOTYPES UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

This study follows the behaviour of seven genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cultivated on the sandy soils of Dăbuleni, with the aim of diversifying the range of plants tolerant to climatic factors in southern Oltenia. Observation of vegetative characteristics such as plant height, number of sympodia, number of flowers in the first decade of flowering and quantitative characteristics such as boll weight, fibre weight, seed weight and number of seeds / plant were the object of the study. Research on cotton plant development was correlated with climatic data recorded by the weather station of Dăbuleni RDSPCS, during the growing season from plant sowing in the field to boll formation. Following the study and showing positive results, The Beli-Lom genotype stood out in terms of flowering yield and fibre percentage, and the Cirpan-539 and Beli-Iskar genotypes had positive vegetative growth yield

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME MONOECIOUS HEMP VARIETIES (FOR FIBER AND MIXTE) UNDER THE CENTER OF MOLDAVIA ECOPEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

The present paper presents the results obtained regarding the evolution of stem and fiber production in monoecious hemp, under the pedoclimatic conditions of the Center of Moldova, between 2012 and 2016. The biological material used was represented by four monoecious hemp varieties created at S.C.D.A. Secuieni, respectively, Denise, Diana, Dacia – Secuieni and Ratza. The stems yields achieved, have varied widely, ranging from 7860 kg/ha at Denise variety, in 2016 (a very warm agricultural year from the thermal point of view and rainy from the pluviometric point of view), and 15167 kg/ha, at Dacia - Secuieni in 2014 (a normal agricultural year both from the thermal and pluviometric point of view). On average, during the five years studied, the highest production of fiber was obtained in the Dacia-Secuieni variety in 2014, of 5005 kg/ha, and the lowest of 2279 kg/ha at Denise variety in 2016

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME MONOECIOUS HEMP VARIETIES (FOR FIBER AND MIXTE) UNDER THE CENTER OF MOLDAVIA ECOPEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

The present paper presents the results obtained regarding the evolution of stem and fiber production in monoecious hemp, under the pedoclimatic conditions of the Center of Moldova, between 2012 and 2016. The biological material used was represented by four monoecious hemp varieties created at S.C.D.A. Secuieni, respectively, Denise, Diana, Dacia – Secuieni and Ratza. The stems yields achieved, have varied widely, ranging from 7860 kg/ha at Denise variety, in 2016 (a very warm agricultural year from the thermal point of view and rainy from the pluviometric point of view), and 15167 kg/ha, at Dacia - Secuieni in 2014 (a normal agricultural year both from the thermal and pluviometric point of view). On average, during the five years studied, the highest production of fiber was obtained in the Dacia-Secuieni variety in 2014, of 5005 kg/ha, and the lowest of 2279 kg/ha at Denise variety in 2016

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RYE CULTIVATED IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important crop in Europe, where it occupies about 90% of the world's area cultivated with this cereal (FAOSTAT, 2018), mainly in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The main research highlights the mechanisms of adaptation of rye culture to climate change, aimed at identifying genotypes that have a good behavior in culture under conditions of abiotic (thermohydric) and biotic stress (pathogens and pests) in order of restoring the production capacity and protection of agroecosystems in the area of sandy soils by promoting in culture some genotypes tolerant to thermohydric stress. In the two experimented years of 2020 and 2021 the obtained results prove the new genotypes promoted on the market had a higher capacity of production than the Control (Suceveana variety), with an average yield of over 4555 kg/ha registered at Serafino genotype in the conditions of a sandy soil with a low natural fertility, poorly supplied with total nitrogen (0.05-0.07%). In average, during the tested years, the attack frequencies of pests manifested in the comparative rye culture, as well as the attack intensities did not show significant differences from one variety to another, significant differences compared to the control variety (Suceveana) being observed only in the case of Serafino variety.

GENETIC AND CHEMICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGE RYE LEAF RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA F.SP. SECALIS) IN NATURAL CONDITIONS FROM MARGINAL AREAS

Pathogens and pests are predicted to spread to areas where they were previously irrelevant due to climate change and human-induced changes, posing new management issues for crops, especially in cropping systems based on minimal cereal crop diversification. In temperate areas of Central and Eastern Europe, rye (Secale cereale) is a minor cereal that contributes to crops diversification particularly in marginal situations where soil and climate are unfavorable for wheat production. During 2021-2022 growing season, a plant–pest-pathogen interaction profile was observed on four rye genotypes (Binnto, Inspector, Serafino, Suceveana) and also was observed the effect of different chemical and biological pesticide formulations on rye leaf rust in a randomized complete block design with three replications in dry area from Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni in South of Romania. Among all evaluated rye genotypes the greatest resistance was noticed in Serafino that recorded the lowest AUDPC value (51,76), while the most susceptible was Suceveana genotype with AUDPC = 279,55.  The best protection against leaf rust was provided by Poliversum (the 1st assessment – attack degree = 3,23%; the 2nd assessment – attack degree = 7,56%). Negative and significant correlation of leaf rust attack degrees with grain yield (r =-0,9393***) were found during 2021-2022 cropping season