Sensitivity for self-discrepancy predicts alcohol consumption in alcohol- dependent inpatients with high self-consciousness

Background: A specific sense of self and sensitivity to self-threatening situations among alcohol-dependent (AD) individuals has often been reported by clinicians. Unpleasant self-awareness of situations of personal failure may lead to relapse, especially for AD individuals with high self-consciousness. However, the implication of Higgins’ self-discrepancy theory for alcohol-dependence has not yet been empirically investigated. This study tested the relation between self-discrepancies evaluated by the Self-Discrepancy Questionnaire and different self-related dimensions (i.e., self-consciousness, depression, emotional regulations strategies) in alcohol-dependence. Methods: Forty-four AD inpatients (28 men) presenting with an Axis-1 diagnosis of alcohol-dependence (DSMIV) and recruited during detoxification process completed Self-Discrepancy Questionnaire and others self-related questionnaires. Results: High self-discrepancies and associated distress were related to more negative affect, depression, abstract-analytical ruminations, and to lower adaptive emotion regulation strategies and higher alcohol craving and alcohol intake. Self-discrepancies and associated distress predicted alcohol intake but only in high selfconsciousness AD population. Conclusion: Self-discrepancies lead to discomfort and to emotional distress, which may results of more nonadaptive ruminations and less adaptive emotion regulation strategies. This unpleasant awareness of self-discrepancy predicted higher alcohol craving and alcohol intake. Two subpopulations were distinguished by the sensitivity to selfdiscrepancy according to their level of self-consciousness

CAD en radiologie numérique (première expérience clinique)

En France, un peu plus de 25 000 nouveaux cas de cancer broncho-pulmonaire sont recensés chaque année. Seuls 12% des patients atteints survivent à 5 ans. Le cancer bronchique est le cancer le plus meurtrier, représentant 18% des décès par cancer. L'une des explications de cette forte mortalité est le fait d'un diagnostic souvent tardif, les premiers symptômes apparaissant à un stade déjà évolué de la maladie. Ainsi, en dehors des campagnes visant à réduire la consommation de tabac, tout l'enjeu médical actuel repose sur le dépistage à des stades précoces, par toutes les technologies disponibles, à commencer par l'imagerie. La radiographie pulmonaire, examen radiologique le plus fréquemment réalisé en médecine, figure en première ligne pour la détection des nodules pulmonaires. Elle est en fait insuffisamment sensible en pratique. Depuis une dizaine d'année, les systèmes informatisés d'aide à la détection (CAD) ou d'aide au diagnostic (CADx) sont en pleine explosion et leurs apports sont en cours d'évaluation, trouvant des applications validées en mammographie numérisée. Notre étude dénommée CAD Study est la première étude prospective réalisée dans le but d'évaluer l'impact d'un système CAD, le RapidScreen® 2000 Digital de GEMS, sur la détection des nodules pulmonaires malins sur la radiographie numérisée du thorax de face. Ce système utilisé depuis 2002 aux Etats-Unis n'a bénéficié jusque là que d'études rétrospectives qui ont toutes validé sa bonne sensibilité dans la détection des nodules (60% en moyenne) et montré une nette efficacité dans l'usage normal de la double lecture radiologue+système CAD. Notre étude a été réalisée au plus près des conditions d'utilisation du système. La présence des nodules pulmonaires malins était validée par le scanner thoracique, la réalisation d'un scanner thoracique avant ou après la réalisation de la radiographie étant le principal critère d'inclusion des patients. Basée sur une quadruple lecture des clichés radiographiques par 3 radiologues (deux seniors et un junior, interprétant les clichés de façon indépendante) et par le système CAD, cette étude a permis de réévaluer la sensibilité et la spécificité propre du système et de comparer, via une méthodologie statistique de type ROC, l'apport du système à chaque radiologue. Nos résultats actuels concernent 523 patients soit 150 nodules pulmonaires.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Elaboration de surfaces à mouillabilité photo-contrôlable

LE MANS-BU Sciences (721812109) / SudocSudocFranceF

Distress Response to the Failure to an Insoluble Anagrams Task: Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Binge Drinking Students

Background: Emotion regulation refers to the attempt to influence the latency, magnitude, and duration of an emotion, and to modify the experiential, behavioral, or physiological components of the emotional response. In situations of personal failure, individuals, and in particular those who present a tendency to self-focus, may experience intense emotional distress. Individuals who lack proper adaptive emotion regulation strategies may engage in activities leading to immediate pleasure, such as alcohol drinking, in order to escape the self-relevance of emotional experiences. This self-awareness theory of drinking has been shown explain relapses in self-focused alcohol-dependent individuals in situations of personal failure, after detoxification. Such relapses support the existence of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in alcohol dependence. As binge drinking may be considered as an early stage of alcohol-use-disorder, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between emotional distress, self-regulation and self-consciousness in binge drinkers (BD).Methods: Fifty-five students (32 BD and 23 controls) completed different questionnaires related to the self (self-consciousness and self-regulation questionnaires) and were exposed to a situation of self-failure (insoluble anagrams).Results: The distress induced by the anagrams task was more related to self-blame, ruminations and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in BD than in controls. Emotional distress was related to less positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among the control group with less public self-consciousness. Emotional distress was related to more positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, refocusing on planning, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among control participants with higher public self-consciousness. Low self-conscious BD who experienced anagram distress used less acceptance and less refocusing on planning strategies. Conversely, high self-conscious BD used more refocusing on planning strategies when experiencing anagram distress.Conclusion: This study suggests a relationship between emotional distress and self-regulation, in BD only. Moreover, public self-consciousness appears to be a disposition that motivates non-BD to improve actions and attitudes to meet self-standards. Finally, this study suggests a minor role of self-consciousness in the relationship between self-regulation and emotional distress in BD. Finally, low private/public self-consciousness in the binge drinking group may also be related to more maladaptive emotion regulation strategies

Distress Response to the Failure to an Insoluble Anagrams Task: Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Binge Drinking Students

Background: Emotion regulation refers to the attempt to influence the latency, magnitude, and duration of an emotion, and to modify the experiential, behavioral, or physiological components of the emotional response. In situations of personal failure, individuals, and in particular those who present a tendency to self-focus, may experience intense emotional distress. Individuals who lack proper adaptive emotion regulation strategies may engage in activities leading to immediate pleasure, such as alcohol drinking, in order to escape the self-relevance of emotional experiences. This self-awareness theory of drinking has been shown explain relapses in self-focused alcohol-dependent individuals in situations of personal failure, after detoxification. Such relapses support the existence of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in alcohol dependence. As binge drinking may be considered as an early stage of alcohol-use-disorder, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between emotional distress, self-regulation and self-consciousness in binge drinkers (BD). Methods: Fifty-five students (32 BD and 23 controls) completed different questionnaires related to the self (self-consciousness and self-regulation questionnaires) and were exposed to a situation of self-failure (insoluble anagrams). Results: The distress induced by the anagrams task was more related to self-blame, ruminations and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in BD than in controls. Emotional distress was related to less positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among the control group with less public self-consciousness. Emotional distress was related to more positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, refocusing on planning, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among control participants with higher public self-consciousness. Low self-conscious BD who experienced anagram distress used less acceptance and less refocusing on planning strategies. Conversely, high self-conscious BD used more refocusing on planning strategies when experiencing anagram distress. Conclusion: This study suggests a relationship between emotional distress and self-regulation, in BD only. Moreover, public self-consciousness appears to be a disposition that motivates non-BD to improve actions and attitudes to meet self-standards. Finally, this study suggests a minor role of self-consciousness in the relationship between self-regulation and emotional distress in BD. Finally, low private/public self-consciousness in the binge drinking group may also be related to more maladaptive emotion regulation strategies

Experimental study of the bubble formation in T-Y junction micro-mixers

International audienceThe aim of this study is to investigate the bubble formation in different liquids within three types of gas-liquid micro-mixer geometries, including a T-junction and two Y-junctions. The bubble shape, size and formation mechanism were studied under various experimental conditions such as flow rates of both phases, physical properties of liquid and mixer's geometries. A micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (mu-PIV) technique and a high speed camera were used to characterize and quantify gas-liquid flows. It was revealed that the bubble formation, in particular the bubble size, depends on the geometry of the mixing section. A correlation gathering numerous experimental data was elaborated for the estimation of bubble size. The influence of different parameters like flow rate ratio between two phases, mixer geometry and surface tension is well taken into consideration based on the understanding of bubble formation mechanism at microscale. This paper marks an improvement in the domain where no global correlations were available in T and Y-junction devices, and this correlation is then an useful tool for micro-mixer design

Étude locale et expérimentale des phénomènes interfaciaux

Ce travail est consacré à l'étude expérimentale des écoulements diphasiques et triphasiques d'inclusions (bulles, gouttes, sphères) en milieux tant newtoniens que non newtoniens à l'échelle microscopique et mésoscopique, en utilisant la visualisation par une caméra rapide, la vélocimétrie par images des particules (PIV) ainsi que la micro-vélocimétrie par images des particules. Des bulles et des gouttes ont été étudiées expérimentalement depuis leur formation, en passant par leur déformation jusqu'à leur coalescence. La formation de bulles dans des micro-mélangeurs a été étudiée et caractérisée par l'obtention de champs de vitesses. Différents paramètres, tels que le cisaillement, la géométrie de la zone de formation, les débits ou encore les propriétés physiques ont été testés afin de développer des lois d'échelles. La traversée d'une interface liquide-liquide par une inclusion a été abordée par des expériences originales, permettant de décrire la dynamique du phénomène, de définir des nombres adimensionnels et de mettre en évidence des instabilités interfaciales. L'effet Weissenberg a également été étudié aux différentes échelles afin de comprendre les phénomènes conduisant à son amplification. Enfin, en milieu viscoélastique et rhéofluidifiant, nous avons caractérisé l'écoulement autour d'une inclusion isolée solide par l'obtention de champs de vitesses. Ces résultats ont permis de confirmer l'origine viscoélastique du sillage négatif et de prédire ses caractéristiquesThe present work was devoted to the experimental study of the multiphase flow around inclusions in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian media at respectively microscopic and mesoscopic scales, by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry (both PIV and -PIV) and fast camera visualization. Bubbles and drops were experimentally studied starting from their formation, the rising and up to their coalescence and fragmentation. Bubble formation in micro-mixers was also investigated and characterized by measuring the liquid velocity fields. Different parameters, such as the shear rate, the geometry of the micro-mixer, the flow rates or the physical properties were tested to develop correlations of power-law kind. The deformation of a liquid-liquid interface due to the passage of an inclusion was investigated by original experiments in order to observe and describe the dynamics of the phenomenon, to define the reliable dimensionless numbers and also to highlight several interfacial instabilities. The Weissenberg effect was also studied at different scales in various non-Newtonian fluids in comparison with Newtonian fluids to understand the amplification phenomena under the combining effects of instability and normal forces. Finally, the flow around an isolated solid inclusion was characterized by performing the measurements of velocity fields in viscoelastic and shear-thinning fluids. These results were used to confirm the viscoelastic origin of the negative wake behind the solid sphere and to model its characteristicsNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Présentation du projet de mission GETEMME

National audienc