ANALISIS PENGARUH DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO, ASSET STRUCTURE, PROFITABILITAS DAN FREE CASH FLOW TERHADAP REALISASI KEBIJAKAN HUTANG PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG GO PUBLIK DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

ANALISIS PENGARUH DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO, ASSET STRUCTURE, PROFITABILITAS DAN FREE CASH FLOW TERHADAP REALISASI KEBIJAKAN HUTANG PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG GO PUBLIK DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA Oleh Wingky L. D. Polly ABSTRAK Suatu perusahaan menginginkan adanya pertumbuhan bagi perusahaan disisi lain juga membayarkan dividen kepada para pemegang saham tetapi kedua tujuan tersebut bertentangan. Sebab jika makin tinggi dividen yang dibayarkan kepada pemilik berarti semakin sedikit laba yang ditahan yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai modal sendiri pada akhirnya akan menghambat pertumbuhan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan profitabilitas. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menguji secara empiris apakah terdapat pengaruh antara Dividend Payout Ratio, Asset Structure, Profitability dan Free cash flow terhadap Kebijakan Hutang dan untuk mengetahui dan menguji secara empiris manakah diantara variabel Dividend Payout Ratio, Asset Structure, Profitability dan Free Cash Flow yang mempunyai pengaruh dominan terhadap Kebijakan Hutang. Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang go publik di BEI periode 2005-2008 merupakan populasi dari penelitian dan 9 perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang terdaftar pada BEI pada tahun 2005-2008 yang dijadikan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel Dividend Payout Ratio (X1), Asset Structure (X2), Profitabilitas (X3) dan Free Cash Flow (X4) secara simultan dan parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan hutang perusahaan (Debt to Equity Ratio) (Y) sehingga hipotesis ke-1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 tidak teruji kebenarannya

Morphometrics and evolution: the challenge of crossing rugged phenotypic landscapes with straight paths

Geometric morphometrics is widely used to study underlying causal factors in phenotypic evolution and to reconstruct evolutionary history of phenotypes. However, non-linearities in the phenotypic landscape may exist such that analytical solutions derived from comparison of phenotypes in morphospace may have complex or contradictory relationships in the space of the underlying factors. Ancestral reconstruction of horn morphology based on two mammalian ungulates illustrates how biologically improbable results can arise from the mathematical properties of geometric morphometric morphospaces. Raup’s shell coiling equations are used to illustrate the potential for contradictory conclusions to be drawn from ancestral reconstructions in parameter spaces (such as measurements of levels of gene expression or allele frequencies) versus shape spaces (such as morphospaces based on phenotypic analysis). These examples are generalizable to many real morphometric studies, suggesting that care should be taken when drawing conclusions about genetic, developmental, or environmental processes based on morphometric analyses. Dense sampling of shape space and the use of fully multivariate and, perhaps, nonlinear methods can help forestall potential problems

What women know: Perceptions of seven female superintendents

An anomalous concentration of female superintendents in mostly rural South Texas prompted this inquiry. South Texas faces critical shortages in personnel due to impending retirement and turnover of existing school administrators and superintendents (Wesson & Marshall, 2012). It is difficult to recruit and retain the best talent necessary to solve tough school improvement challenges—high dropout rates, high poverty, low student achievement, and complex multi-cultural issues—in high needs, Hispanic majority, primarily rural school districts (Trevino Jr., Braley, Brown, & Slate, 2008; Wesson & Marshall, 2012). Krüger (2008) stated women are stronger educational leaders than men. Females seek and obtain leadership credentials for the express purpose of impacting education for students (Young & McLeod, 2001). Schools of all sizes and levels with female administrators achieved higher student success than schools with male administrators, according to a 7000 campus Texas study, in the 2006-2007 academic year (Roser, Brown, & Kelsey, 2009). In every ethnic group, women earn more doctoral degrees in education than men; women earn bachelors and masters degrees in education in proportion to their representation in the field; and women have more years of teaching experience than men (Shakeshaft, Brown, Irby, Grogan, & Ballenger, 2007). Women also outnumber men in education administration preparation programs (Petrie & Lindauer, 2001). Yet women are not ascending to the superintendency in proportion to their representation in the education profession (Shakeshaft et al., 2007). This naturalistic study of seven female superintendents in South Texas, including leaders in large and small rural districts, illuminated perceptions and experiences of female school leadership through portraiture and lent insight into common themes of aspiration and motivation

Influence of COVID-19 restrictions on student satisfaction with undergraduate pathology teaching in an Australian University

Introduction: Almost three years into the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to reflect on student perceptions of online teaching, and more specifically, if mobility restrictions imposed as public health measures significantly influenced how students perceived online teaching. The aim of this study was to investigate if student perceptions of teaching quality of undergraduate courses would differ when evaluated at times of increasing or relaxing COVID-related mobility restrictions. Methods: We compared student feedback for two third-year undergraduate Pathology courses taken as part of a Bachelor of Medical Sciences / Science degree in an Australian University from 2019 to 2021. Quantitative feedback on five domains (overall satisfaction, belongingness within a learning community, satisfaction with assessments, adequacy of learning resources, satisfaction with teacher feedback) were categorized into groups based on calendar year or prevailing COVID restrictions (times with no, increasing or relaxing restrictions), and compared. There were no significant changes to the course content during this time, but face-to-face teaching in 2019 changed to predominantly online teaching in 2020 and 2021. Results: Feedback scores were significantly better (p < 0.017) at times of increased COVID restrictions compared to times with relaxing COVID restrictions across all five domains assessed. Interestingly, when grouped by calendar years (instead of prevailing COVID restrictions), there were mostly no significant differences in the feedback scores, despite the shift to online teaching in 2020/21. Conclusion: At times of increasing mobility restrictions, students may appreciate the consistency offered by well-structured online teaching but when restrictions are relaxed, online-only teaching may not meet their expectations. The teaching methods need to adapt to prevailing situation by focusing on more hands on and face-to-face teaching when circumstances allow it

Infectious agents and colorectal cancer: a review of Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus bovis, JC virus, and human papillomavirus.

Based on the high volume of bacteria and viruses that the intestine is exposed to and the importance of infectious agents in some gastrointestinal and anogenital cancers, it is not surprising the many studies have evaluated the association between colorectal cancer and infectious agents. This review highlights investigations of four agents in relation to colorectal cancer. Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus bovis, JC virus, and human papillomavirus have all been evaluated as possible etiologic agents for colorectal cancer. For each of these agents, a review of possible mechanisms for carcinogenesis and epidemiologic evidence is discussed, and future directions for research are proposed