Throughput Increase in Multi-Fiber Networks using Partial Lane-Change Capabilities

Effective application of lane change in multi-fiber (MF) networks is hindered by limitations in WSS-size in ROADMs. We show that introducing lane-change only at degree-2 nodes leads to significant throughput increase, for a commensurate additional equipment cost

ML-Assisted Restoration Planning and Upgrade with Low Design Margins

Analytical QoT models require safety margins to account for uncertain knowledge of input parameters. We propose a new design procedure for restoration planning and upgrade and show up to 19% savings in transponders from lower margins estimated via ML

Low-Margin Optical-Network Design with Multiple Physical-Layer Parameter Uncertainties

Analytical QoT models require safety margins to account for uncertain knowledge of input parameters. We propose and evaluate a design procedure that gradually decreases these margins in presence of multiple physical-layer uncertainties, by leveraging monitoring data to build a ML-based QoT regressor

Evaluation strategies for isotope ratio measurements of single particles by LA-MC-ICPMS

Data evaluation is a crucial step when it comes to the determination of accurate and precise isotope ratios computed from transient signals measured by multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) coupled to, for example, laser ablation (LA). In the present study, the applicability of different data evaluation strategies (i.e. ‘point-by-point’, ‘integration’ and ‘linear regression slope’ method) for the computation of (235)U/(238)U isotope ratios measured in single particles by LA-MC-ICPMS was investigated. The analyzed uranium oxide particles (i.e. 9073-01-B, CRM U010 and NUSIMEP-7 test samples), having sizes down to the sub-micrometre range, are certified with respect to their (235)U/(238)U isotopic signature, which enabled evaluation of the applied strategies with respect to precision and accuracy. The different strategies were also compared with respect to their expanded uncertainties. Even though the ‘point-by-point’ method proved to be superior, the other methods are advantageous, as they take weighted signal intensities into account. For the first time, the use of a ‘finite mixture model’ is presented for the determination of an unknown number of different U isotopic compositions of single particles present on the same planchet. The model uses an algorithm that determines the number of isotopic signatures by attributing individual data points to computed clusters. The (235)U/(238)U isotope ratios are then determined by means of the slopes of linear regressions estimated for each cluster. The model was successfully applied for the accurate determination of different (235)U/(238)U isotope ratios of particles deposited on the NUSIMEP-7 test samples. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6674-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

An improved method for the determination of low-level non-exchangeable organically bound tritium in biological samples

In this paper, the authors present a sensitive method for low level non-exchangeable OBT determination by a combination of a suitable sample treatment, a combustion apparatus for large sized samples and low background liquid scintillation spectrometry, along with a methodology that eliminates any possibility of sample contaminations. Great care must be taken in the measurement of non-exchangeable OBT at environment levels, because many authors have mentioned the opportunities for cross contaminations between samples and contamination by exchange with the laboratory atmosphere. Our analysis are reproducible for low level OBT down to about 1 Bq.kg-1 of dry material for various biological samples (tree wood, tree leaves, fishes, sediments, mushrooms, seaweeds, wheats, corns, ...) collected in the general environment and near nuclear facilities. As an example, we give the results of non-exchangeable OBT measurements in annual growth rings from two trees sampled near a nuclear facility