Managing resource-constrained innovation in emerging markets: Perspectives from a business model

This study examines the organization of resource-constrained innovation from a business model perspective. Using a multiple case study design, we demonstrate that the ability to organize resource-constrained innovation is built on cost, good-enough, frugal, and reverse innovation capabilities. Cost innovation does not always lead to a new product, rather it is a way to reduce operational costs through the value creation activities of a business model to achieve resource-constrained innovation. Good-enough innovations are developed through existing platform reengineering and localization through value creation activities. We demonstrate that frugal innovations are developed based on new product architectures and applications that can create completely new market segments to compete against non-consumption. Reverse innovations refer to frugal innovations that are characterized by higher market novelty because they create completely new market segments in developed and developing markets for value capture

Use of an Innovative Simple Method for Anaerobiosis in the Diagnosis and Management of Infections in Two Unusual Cases

Technical limitations restrict routine anaerobe isolation from clinical materials in resource‑limited laboratories. An innovative two steps combustion candle jar technique may be suitable for such setup. This system was tried with one case of chronic osteomyelitis developed on supracondyler compound fracture. Porphyromonas spp. was isolated and identified. Vancomycin was recommended based on in vitro sensitivity test, but the leg was amputed after receiving a resistant drug gentamycin. While in another child with hydrocephalous, V‑P shunt associated infection by Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was successfully controlled by sensitive drug vancomycin. These two eye‑opener cases insisted us for large scale application of the technique.Keywords: Anaerobiosis, Candle‑jar technique, Osteomyelitis, Porphyromonas spp, V‑P shunt infectio

Dynamics of gravity-driven viscoelastic films on wavy walls

The linear stability and nonlinear dynamics of viscoelastic liquid films flowing down inclined surfaces with sinusoidal topography are investigated. The Oldroyd-B constitutive model is used and numerical solutions of a long-wave nonlinear evolution equation for the film thickness, introduced by Dávalos-Orozco [L. A. Dávalos-Orozco, Stability of thin viscoelastic films falling down wavy walls, Interfacial Phenom. Heat Transfer 1, 301 (2013)], provide insight into the influence of elasticity and wall topography on the nonlinear film dynamics, while Floquet analysis of the linearized evolution equation is used to study the onset of linear instability. Focusing initially on inertialess films (with zero Reynolds number), linear stability results are organized into three regimes based on the wall wavelength. For sufficiently short and sufficiently long wall wavelengths, the onset of instability is not tangibly affected by the topography. There is however an intermediate range of wavelengths where, as the wall wavelength is increased, the critical Deborah number for the onset of instability first decreases (topography is destabilizing) and then increases sufficiently for topography to be stabilizing (relative to the flat wall). Solutions to a perturbation amplitude equation indicate that the character of the instability changes substantially within this intermediate range; topography induces streamwise variations in the base-state velocity at the free surface which couple with perturbations and substantially influence the instability growth rate. Very similar trends are observed for Newtonian films and variations in the critical Reynolds number. Simulations of the full nonlinear evolution equation produce a broad range of nonlinear states including traveling waves, time-periodic waves, and chaos. Perturbations to the film generally saturate at higher amplitudes for cases with larger linear growth rates, e.g., with increasing Deborah number or for a destabilizing wall wavelength, and topography introduces finer temporal scales in the dynamics. The qualitative influences of inclination and inertia on the nonlinear dynamics are shown to be simply related to the influence of elasticity using analytical linear stability results for the flat-wall case

Discussion on a possible neutrino detector located in India

We have identified some important and worthwhile physics opportunitites with a possible neutrino detector located in India. Particular emphasis is placed on the geographical advantage with a stress on the complimentary aspects with respect to other neutrino detectors already in operation.Comment: 9 pages; arXiv copy of published proceedings contributio

CMOS integration of inkjet-printed graphene for humidity sensing.

We report on the integration of inkjet-printed graphene with a CMOS micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) microhotplate for humidity sensing. The graphene ink is produced via ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer as the stabilizer. We formulate inks with different graphene concentrations, which are then deposited through inkjet printing over predefined interdigitated gold electrodes on a CMOS microhotplate. The graphene flakes form a percolating network to render the resultant graphene-PVP thin film conductive, which varies in presence of humidity due to swelling of the hygroscopic PVP host. When the sensors are exposed to relative humidity ranging from 10-80%, we observe significant changes in resistance with increasing sensitivity from the amount of graphene in the inks. Our sensors show excellent repeatability and stability, over a period of several weeks. The location specific deposition of functional graphene ink onto a low cost CMOS platform has the potential for high volume, economic manufacturing and application as a new generation of miniature, low power humidity sensors for the internet of things.S.S. acknowledges Department of Science and Technology (DST), India for Ramanujan Fellowship to support the work (project no. SR/S2/RJN-104/2011). This work was (partly) supported through the EU FP7 project MSP (611887). T.H. acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering through a fellowship (Graphlex).This is the final version of the article. It was first available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep1737

PSO-GWO Optimized Fractional Order PID Based Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvements

This paper presents a Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter (HSAPF) optimized by hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization (PSO-GWO) and Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (FOPIDC) for reactive power and harmonic compensation under balance and unbalance loading conditions. Here, the parameters of FOPID controller are tuned by PSO-GWO technique to mitigate the harmonics. Comparing Passive with Active Filters, the former is tested to be bulky and design is complex and the later is not cost effective for high rating. Hence, a hybrid structure of shunt active and passive filter is designed using MATLAB/Simulink and in real time experimental set up. The compensation process for shunt active filter is different from predictable methods such as (p-q) or (id-i ) theory, in which only the source current is to be sensed. The performance of the proposed controller is tested under different operating conditions such as steady and transient states and indices like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Input Power Factor (IPF), Real Power (P) and Reactive Power (Q) are estimated and compared with that of other controllers. The parameters of FOPIDC and Conventional PID Controller (CPIDC) are optimized by the techniques such as PSO, GWO and hybrid PSO-GWO. The comparative simulation/experiment results reflect the better performance of PSO-GWO optimized FOPIDC based HSAPF with respect to PSO/GWO optimized FOPIDC/CPIDC based HSAPF under different operating conditions.

A Simple & Convenient Solid Phase Synthesis of Bacterial Origin Octapeptide Sequence, Glu-Asp-Gly-Asn-Lys-Pro-Gly-Lys-OH

The repeating octapeptide sequence, Glu-Asp-Gly-Asn-Lys-Pro-Gly-Lys-OH derived from the glycoprotein found in Staphylococcus aureus cell wall is assembled by simple solid phase peptide synthesis methodology using a base labile linker

Working Group Report: Heavy-Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma

This is the report of Heavy Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma at WHEPP-09 which was part of Working Group-4. Discussion and work on some aspects of Quark-Gluon Plasma believed to have created in heavy-ion collisions and in early universe are reported.Comment: 20 pages, 6 eps figures, Heavy-ion physics and QGP activity report in "IX Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP-09)" held in Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India, during January 3-14, 2006. To be published in PRAMANA - Journal of Physics (Indian Academy of Science

Parameters influencing the size of chitosan-TPP nano- and microparticles

Chitosan nanoparticles, produced by ionic gelation, are among the most intensely studied nanosystems for drug delivery. However, a lack of inter-laboratory reproducibility and a poor physicochemical understanding of the process of particle formation have been slowing their potential market applications. To address these shortcomings, the current study presents a systematic analysis of the main polymer factors affecting the nanoparticle formation driven by an initial screening using systematic statistical Design of Experiments (DoE). In summary, we found that for a given chitosan to TPP molar ratio, the average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles formed is strongly dependent on the initial chitosan concentration. The degree of acetylation of the chitosan was found to be the second most important factor involved in the system's ability to form particles. Interestingly, viscosimetry studies indicated that the particle formation and the average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles formed were highly dependent on the presence or absence of salts in the medium. In conclusion, we found that by controlling two simple factors of the polymer solution, namely its initial concentration and its solvent environment, it is feasible to control in a reproducible manner the production and characteristics of chitosan particles ranging in size from nano- to micrometres