A survey of regularization methods for first-kind Volterra equations

Abstract. We survey continuous and discrete regularization methods for first-kind Volterra problems with continuous kernels. Classical regularization methods tend to destroy the non-anticipatory (or causal) nature of the original Volterra problem because such methods typically rely on computation of the Volterra adjoint operator, an anticipatory operator. In this survey we pay special attention to particular regularization methods, both classical and nontraditional, which tend to retain the Volterra structure of the original problem. Our attention will primarily be focused on linear problems, although extensions of methods to nonlinear and integro-operator Volterra equations are mentioned when known.

EU–Russia relations: between conflict and cooperation

EU–Russia relations have often been considered in scholarship to be governed by the dichotomy between conflict and cooperation. Cooperation has often coexisted or overlapped with conflict on a significant number of issues and policy areas, making relations between the two actors very complex. This article explores the dichotomy between conflict and cooperation, highlighting the way it has influenced the two actors’ policies towards the Eastern Neighbourhood. It posits that the difference between what the European Union (EU) says and what it does is desired and perpetuated both by Russia, the EU’s member states and the countries within the Eastern Neighbourhood. Simultaneously, Moscow is unable to formulate a clear strategy for the Eastern Neighbourhood, which makes its approach geared at providing short-term incentives to corrupt politicians in the countries in the region not sustainable in the long term. In doing so, the article also aims to enquire into the potential for EU–Russia relations to move beyond the well-known conflict–cooperation dichotomy