Patrones de comportamiento y alimentación del mono aullador Alouatta belzebul en zonas de selva talada y sin talar del este de la Amazonia

This work compared the activity patterns and diet of a group of Alouatta belzebul in areas of logged and unlogged forest in eastern Amazonia. An instantaneous scan sampling procedure was used for the behavioral study (9.3 ± 1.9 complete observation days/month) from February to November 2000. Fruit availability was estimated monthly. Activity budgets were not significantly different between sites. Rest was the predominant activity in both sites (53.6 % and 48.7 %, respectively). Average daily path length was 683.5 ± 215.1 m (n = 93), and the home range was 17.8 ha, including 7 ha in unlogged forest and 10.8 ha in the logged forest. Neither fruit availability nor diet varied significantly between sites. The diet was predominantly folivorous (43.4 % and 46.6 % in unlogged and logged forest, respectively) and frugivorous (43.9 % and 42.8 %). The spatial use by the group was positively related to fruit sources. This study documented the ability of a ranging group of A. belzebul to survive in a habitat influenced by reduced impact logging without dramatically influencing its activity patterns and diet.En este trabajo se comparan los patrones de comportamiento y alimentación de un grupo de Alouatta belzebul en zonas de selva deforestada y sin deforestar del este de la Amazonia. Para el estudio del comportamiento se utilizó un muestreo de barrido temporal instantáneo (observación completa durante 9,3 ± 1,9 meses/días) entre los meses de febrero y noviembre de 2000. La disponibilidad de fruta se calculó mensualmente. Las actividades realizadas no fueron significativamente diferentes en ninguna de las dos ubicaciones. El descanso fue la actividad predominante en ambas, 53,6 % y 48.7 % respectivamente. La media de la longitud de los recorridos diarios era de 683,5 ± 215,1 m (n = 93) y el área de acción era de de 17,8 hectáreas, incluyendo 7 hectáreas de selva sin talar y 10,8 hectáreas de bosques talados. Ni la disponibilidad de fruta ni la dieta variaron significativamente entre las zonas. La dieta era eminentemente folívora (43,4 % y 46,6 % en las zonas de selva sin talar y deforestada, respectivamente) y frugívora (43,9 % y 42,8 %). El uso que el grupo hacía del espacio estaba relacionado de manera positiva con las fuentes de suministro de frutas. En este estudio se ha documentado la habilidad de un grupo de A. belzebul en libertad para sobrevivir en un hábitat afectado por una tala de impacto reducido sin que ello afectase dramáticamente a sus patrones de comportamiento y alimentación

Evidence for entanglement at high temperatures in an engineered molecular magnet

The molecular compound [Fe$_{2}$($\mu_{2}$-oxo)(C$_{3}$H$_{4}$N$_{2}$)$_{6}$(C$_{2}$O$_{4}$)$_{2}$] was designed and synthesized for the first time and its structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The magnetic susceptibility of this compound was measured from 2 to 300 K. The analysis of the susceptibility data using protocols developed for other spin singlet ground-state systems indicates that the quantum entanglement would remain at temperatures up to 732 K, significantly above the highest entanglement temperature reported to date. The large gap between the ground state and the first-excited state (282 K) suggests that the spin system may be somewhat immune to decohering mechanisms. Our measurements strongly suggest that molecular magnets are promising candidate platforms for quantum information processing

Cultura de tecidos: (manual).

bitstream/item/63281/1/Oriental-Doc66.pd

Micropropagação de mogno.

REDBI

Fenologia e análise fitoquímica de plantas medicinais de ocorrência na Amazônia.

A determinação da fenologia das plantas medicinais é de fundamental importância para a obtenção de extratos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar fitoquimicamente espécies medicinais de ocorrência na Amazônia, provenientes de coleções e bancos de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental no período de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2003, visando o uso e manejo correto das espécies. No processo de avaliação das plantas medicinais foram consideradas época de floração e frutificação. A abordagem fitoquímica foi realizada através de screening fitoquímico com as espécies Adenocalymna alliaceum, Cecropa obtusa, Eugenia uniflora e Peperomia pellucida, identificando os principais grupos de compostos orgânicos. No processo de identificação das 255 espécies existentes no horto da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, dentre as 54 famílias existentes, 160 espécies foram identificadas. A maior concentração de espécies que floraram ocorreu nos meses de abril e maio, enquanto que a de menor ocorreu no mês de outubro. O período de maior frutificação ocorreu em maio e novembro, enquanto que o de menor ocorreu em março e agosto. Os resultados da análise fitoquímica revelaram a presença de açúcares redutores, proteínas e aminoácidos, saponina espumídica e taninos em todas as espécies analisadas

Models for the Reliability Analysis of Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants

The objective of this chapter is to discuss two approaches for reliability analysis of digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants taking into account the regulatory side. Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology (DFM) and Markov/Cell-to-Cell Mapping Technique (CCMT) are discussed and case studies developed are presented. These case studies involve simplified control systems for a steam generator and a pressurizer of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) plant for the purpose of evaluating each method. Advantages and limitations of each approach are addressed. For the DFM approach, three concerns in the literature are addressed: modeling of the system itself, incorporation of the methodology results into existing Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA), and identification of software failures. The Markov/CCMT, which has been used in dynamic probabilistic safety assessments, is approached by means of a simplified digitally controlled water volume control system. The Markov/CCMT methodology results in detailed data of the system reliability behavior in relation to time. However, it demands a higher computational effort than usual as the complexity (i.e., number of components and failure states) of the system increases. As a regulatory research conclusion, the methodologies presented can be used on PSA risk informed assessment, contributing to the regulatory side

A new method for the solution of the Schrodinger equation

We present a new method for the solution of the Schrodinger equation applicable to problems of non-perturbative nature. The method works by identifying three different scales in the problem, which then are treated independently: An asymptotic scale, which depends uniquely on the form of the potential at large distances; an intermediate scale, still characterized by an exponential decay of the wave function and, finally, a short distance scale, in which the wave function is sizable. The key feature of our method is the introduction of an arbitrary parameter in the last two scales, which is then used to optimize a perturbative expansion in a suitable parameter. We apply the method to the quantum anharmonic oscillator and find excellent results.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex