Metagenômica e sua aplicação no estudo de diversidade e função de microrganismos de solos do Cerrado.

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Coupling in-depth genome annotations with genome editing technology for harnessing genomic variation to promote precision breeding in tropical soybean.

ABSTRACT: Directional selection during crop domestication and advanced breeding has resulted in significant changes in plant genomes. The extent of intraspecific variation in a crop documents domestication and highlights variants underlying complex traits. Studies demonstrate that most naturally occurring variants in crops are low frequency, and only a small fraction of those might have important functions to trait variation. To understand the inheritance of quantitative traits, diversity panels have become available by crossing inbred lines to produce genomic maps that relate phenotypic variation to recombination and ultimately to genome structure. Using these resources, genomics studies have suggested that selection performs poorly in pericentromeric regions because of reduced recombination frequency (RF). Thus, manipulating RF and meiotic crossover location is an appealing issue to advance crop breeding. In our study, we are using genomic analysis to characterize intragenomic diversity of tropical elite soybean lines in terms of heterozygosity, RF, chromatin structure and accessibility. Our results to date include the generation of draft genome assemblies for two soybean advanced lines using PACBIO long-read sequencing, Chromium Linked-Reads sequencing and an approach rooted in polymer physics that determines the most likely genome structure using chromosomal contact data. In-depth genome-wide characterization is ongoing using ATAC-Seq and Parent-Progeny resequencing. We also present our efforts to apply DNA-free editing tools in implementing genetic alterations that are expected to engineer desirable traits in soybeans by modifying meiotic specific expression. These changes are expected to increase genetic and epigenetic variations with favorable outcomes in seed oil and protein pathway regulation. Financial support: Embrapa-Monsanto Fund/Project:03.17.03.002.00.0

Application of the Axiom 3K SNP genotyping array in cassava breeding and genetics.

PAG XXV

Estimativa do tamanho do genoma em cultivares de capim-andropogon (Andropogon gayanus Kunth).

Resumo ? Experimentos de montagem de genomas dependem de estimativas iniciais do conteúdo de DNA nuclear de uma espécie alvo. A citometria de fluxo é uma ferramenta de baixo custo, utilizada em rotina, para estimar o tamanho do genoma a partir do conteúdo de DNA nuclear de plantas. O capim-andropogon (Andropogon gayanus Kunth) é uma gramínea perene, tetraploide (2n = 4x = 40), resistente a solos de baixa fertilidade e com baixa disponibilidade hídrica. Há potencial de dinamização do processo de desenvolvimento de cultivares pelo uso de ferramentas genômicas. O tamanho do genoma de três cultivares de capim-andropogon foi estimado por citometria de fluxo. O tamanho médio estimado para o genoma haploide de capim-andropogon foi de 1,5 Gpb C-1 e 770 Mpb Cx-1. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho são inéditos para cultivares dessa espécie e guiarão os esforços de sequenciamento para montagem do seu genoma.bitstream/item/224864/1/Estimativa-do-tamanho-do-genoma-Boletim-372.pd