The digital whomanities project. Best practices for digital pedagogy in the pandemic era

This paper aims to enter the ongoing debate about the critical issues of digital pedagogy through the presentation of Digital WHOmanities, a series of online conferences and workshops held at the University of Bologna. Distance learning has become one of the most discussed topics in educational institutions during the spread of Covid-19, revealing a discrepancy between the rapid development of technology and the ability of learning environments to adapt to this turn. In view of this ongoing debate, Digital WHOmanities tried to define the complex and multifaceted figure of the digital humanist and to provide a methodological framework that could foster further online academic initiatives. Specifically, the accurate organization of timing and contents and the adoption of synchronous and asynchronous approaches have highlighted the effectiveness of flexible digital didactics

Effects of agricultural practices and fungicides on the management postharvest anthracnose and stem-end rot of mango.

Anthracnose and stem-end rot are the main postharvest mango diseases in the Brazilian Northeast. In order to determine the incidence and prevalence of these diseases, near ripe (stage 3) Tommy Atkins fruits were collected from thirty orchards, aged 10 to 12 years old. Inspections and records regarding agricultural practices were undertaken in order to characterize the orchards and evaluate the risk of diseases. Additionally, three experiments were conducted to evaluate different fungicides. Fruits were harvested in Tommy Atkins orchards sprayed with different fungicides and disease incidences were evaluated for two weeks. General averages of incidence and prevalence of stem-end rot were 14.44% and 86.67% respectively, while those of anthracnose were 5.55% and 36.67%. Pearson?s chi-squared test identified a significant association between management practices and the occurrence of diseases. The risk of producing diseased fruits is larger in orchards that do not remove residues beneath or above the canopy or diseased panicles and do not adopt good agricultural practices. For orchards that do not adopt good agricultural practices, the relative risk was a 3.82 times higher chance of producing diseased fruits compared to those that adopt good agricultural practices. The fungicides that exhibited efficiency in disease control were pyraclostrobin (0.10 g/L), copper oxychloride (1.60 g/L) and tetraconazole (0.10 g/L). According to the results, in order to control anthracnose and stem-end rot in mangos, producers should spray the orchards with pyraclostrobin, copper oxychloride and tetraconazole fungicides, remove malformed panicles and diseased residues above and beneath the canop

The dissemination of the black sigatoka in Brazil.

RESUMEN: En febrero de 1998 investigadores de Embrapa Amazonia Occidental detectaran los primeros síntomas de sigatoka negra en bananos en Brasil, en la frontera con Colombia y Perú, en la región del Río Marañón. En mayo de 1998 se confirmó la presencia de la enfermedad en las ciudades de Benjamín Constant y Tabatinga, en el Estado de Amazonas. En Julio, la presencia de la enfermedad fue confirmada en Coari y hasta diciembre del mismo año en todo el Estado de Amazonas. Hasta 2000 toda la región Norte registró la presencia de la enfermedad, con excepción del Estado de Tocantins, donde fue confirmada solamente en 2010. En 1999, la sigatoka negra ya se encontraba en el Estado de Mato Grosso, en la región Centro Oeste de Brasil. En 2004, fue registrada en la región Sudeste de Brasil, en los Estados de Minas Gerais y São Paulo. En el mismo año, la sigatoka negra fue registrada en los tres Estados de la región Sur de Brasil. El trabajo describe la cronología y localización de los registros oficiales de la enfermedad en Brasil y discute las formas de diseminación y las diferencias de sintomatología y virulencia de la enfermedad en diferentes zonas bananeras de Brasil. ABSTRACT: In February 1998, Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental researchers detected black sigatoka symptoms on bananas on the border with Colombia and Peru, in the Brazilian region of the Solimões river. In May of the same year was confirmed the presence of the disease in Benjamin Constant and Tabatinga cities, in the State of Amazonas. In July, black sigatoka presence was confirmed in Coari and until December of the same year in all Amazonas State. Until 2000, the entire Northern Brazilian region registered the presence of the disease, with the exception of the Tocantins State. In 1999, the black sigatoka was present in the Mato Grosso State, in the Centre Western Brazilian region. In 2004, it was registered in the Southeast region of Brazil, in the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. In the same year, black sigatoka was registered in the three States of the Southern region of Brazil. This work describes the chronology and location of the official records of the disease in Brazil and discusses forms of dissemination and the differences of symptoms and virulence of the disease in different banana areas of Brazil.Título em Espanhol: Diseminación de la sigatoka negra en Brasil